How to Make a Flammable Gel or Jelly

Use three common household ingredients to prepare a gel or jelly that you can set on fire. This is an easy fire chemistry project that you can do at home. Flaming Gel Ingredients Antacid tablets (must contain at least 1000 mg calcium carbonate per tablet)Vinegar (weak acetic acid)Isopropyl alcohol (rubbing alcohol) - 90% or higher is recommended* 70% isopropyl alcohol will work, but you will need to allow let the mixture from step 3 evaporate until it is a little more concentrated to make up for the extra water in the alcohol. Prepare the Flaming Gel Crush 5 antacid tablets into a powder.Stir 50 ml (~10 tsp) of vinegar into the powder (10 ml per tablet) to make a slurry.Allow the slurry to evaporate until it is less than half its original volume. This could take about a day. If you accidentally evaporate all of the water, you can reconstitute the slurry by stirring in a small amount of water.Fill a container with about 2x the volume of however much antacid slurry you have at this point.While stirring, slowly add slurry to the alcohol to form a thickened gel. Do this slowly: If you add too much slurry, the mixture will liquefy and you wont get a gel. So, once you have a gel, dont add any more of the calcium tablet slurry mixture.Scoop up a ball of the gel and ignite it. Disclaimer: Please be advised that the content provided by our website is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY. Fireworks and the chemicals contained within them are dangerous and should always be handled with care and used with common sense. By using this website you acknowledge that ThoughtCo., its parent About.com (a/k/a Dotdash), and IAC/InterActive Corp. shall have no liability for any damages, injuries, or other legal matters caused by your use of fireworks or the knowledge or application of the information on this website. The providers of this content specifically do not condone using fireworks for disruptive, unsafe, illegal, or destructive purposes. You are responsible for following all applicable laws before using or applying the information provided on this website.

Analysis Of The Letter From A Birmingham Jail By Mlk....

The civil rights movement was a very important part of not only the United States but also the 20th century in general. Even today many people believe that the civil rights movement is still going on. The bravery of men and woman during this period in the 1960s; some important figures included Martin Luther king Jr., John Lewis, Malcolm X, Bayard Rustin and Angela Davis. The letter from a Birmingham jail by MLK, Malcolm X’s The black Revolution, and Angela Davis’s I am a Revolutionary Black Woman are very important pieces of the civil rights movement in the united states for many reasons. The letter by MLK was created to response to criticism to the eight clergy man. The black revolution was a speech made to persuade the audience to follow Muslim. Angela Davis’s piece also was one of controversy, not only was she black and a woman but she was also a communist. The letter from a Birmingham jailwas an open letter used to defend the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism. Violent racist terror was so bad against blacks in Birmingham in the summer of 1963 that the city was referred to as some locals as bombingham. King was arrested while having a peaceful anti-segregation march on the grounds that he didn’t have a parade permit. Segregation was part of the Jim Crow system. This was a system of separate schools, restaurants, and bathrooms for colored people and whites. Colored people included everyone that wasn’t white such as Asians, Hispanics and blacks. At the timeShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Civil Rights Movement4776 Words   |  20 Pageshistory, even majorities can be tyrannical, and the minority needs protection from them. â€Å"Civil rights† is the term used when speaking of the privileges, immunities, and practices of freedom which are protected from violation by other citizens. That is the definition of civil rights, although when most people think of civil rights they instantly think it means black civil rights. This is understandable since blacks, more than any other minority group in America, have had the toughest and therefore

Microeconomics Free Essays

Assumption This report describes what this kind of capital produces, and what would determine the optimal level of preservation effort. The Key Element Of This Model The purpose of the present study is to shed light on the effects of designation on property values in residential neighborhoods. Analysis Not infrequently, planners, preservationists, and community officials are accused of catalyzing the displacement of low- and moderate-income renters and homeowners and of small businesses when they support the historic designation of older neighborhoods. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Planning and Policy Implications The designation of historic districts in residential neighborhoods has grown in popularity in the United States over the past two decades. Many planners have embraced designation policies as tools in the management of neighborhood preservation and rentalization. However, opposition has arisen in some cases based on the assertion that official designation could accelerate property values, thus increasing tax liabilities and rents and leading to rising displacement of low-income and elderly households. Existing research provides only a few insights into this issue. An analysis of residential historic district designation in Washington, DC, finds little support for the displacement threat. Further research is necessary on the timing of designation and the intervening effects of the federal historic preservation tax credit. Ever since pioneering legislation was passed in Charleston, South Carolina, in 1931 and New Orleans, Louisiana, in 1937 the historic district technique has been employed as a device to protect neighborhoods and areas of historic and architectural importance. While only a handful of communities adopted historic district ordinances in the 1940s and 1950s (Reed 394), today there are more than 1,200 historic districts scattered across the United States. Furthermore, encouraging historic districts has become a matter of national policy. The National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 empowered the National Park Service to create the National Register of Historic Places, a listing of landmarks and historic districts considered to be of significance beyond merely local or regional levels (Public Law 89-665). Of course, historic district statutes vary from community to community and state to state in the stringency of their provisions. But typically they establish official boundaries around a historic area and provide for the creation of a commission to rule on individual applications to demolish or alter a property or to build a new structure in the area. The commission is usually made up of from three to ten volunteers selected by the local government for their expertise or experience in matters related to preservation. An appeals process is provided for affected property owners who disagree with a commission decision (Reed 394). The proliferation of historic districts nationwide in the past 20 years testifies to their popularity among preservationists. Historic districts vary, however, in their effectiveness at protecting historic buildings and spaces, depending on the strength of their legislation and the level of political support for their ideals. Many property owners and businesspersons resist passage of such ordinances, fearing that they will be unduly restricted in using real estate located inside a district. They worry that they will not be able to make desired exterior alterations to a building or yard, that they will be prohibited from demolishing a structure and replacing it with a new one, or that they may not be allowed to change the use of the building, as, for example, from residential to business premises. At bottom is their concern for the economic effects of designation (Listokin). Another concern is germane both to property owners and to renters. Both groups may oppose designation of a historic district, fearing that property values will inflate and cause municipal tax assessments to rise. Some property owners argue that they will be burdened by steep increases in property tax liabilities. Disabled or retired homeowners on fixed incomes feel especially vulnerable. Renters, fearing the indirect effects of rising assessments, may worry that landlords will boost rents substantially to meet the increased costs of property taxes. In short, the issues for these people are involuntary displacement and excessive economic burdens. Designation and Property Values In recent years, as more communities have gained experience with designated residential historic districts, attitudes among property owners and businesspersons, while still cautious, seem to have softened somewhat. Historic districts in Boston, San Francisco, Seattle, New Orleans, and Charleston have demonstrated their appeal to tourists, real estate investors, preservationists, and others. Reinvestment, property appreciation, and business success have resulted, in many communities. The rise of private reinvestment and gentrification in older inner city neighborhoods during the late 1960s and 1970s contributed substantially to local government designation of more historic districts. But gentrification also alerted many low- and moderate-income households, especially minorities, to the disruptive effects that these dynamics could have on their lives. Recalling the widespread opposition to federal urban renewal clearance and relocation programs in the 1950s and 1960s, campaigns among social activists and community organizers in the 1970s and 1980s to limit the impacts of private reinvestment sought out convenient, highly visible, unitary targets at which to direct protest efforts. Because gentrification rarely proceeds by central direction, but rather, through the individual investment decisions of hundreds or thousands of people, identifying a protest target is usually difficult. Not surprisingly, then, historic district designation, always an action of the public sector, offered government as the pressure point. Thus, in some communities historic district commissions, local preservation offices, planning commissions, and other units of local government have become the targets of mobilized citizens’ groups. Over the past decade, as historic district designations have proliferated in many communities, opposition among low- and moderate-income persons and small businesses has also mounted. Because fewer of these people are property owners, their fears are more likely to be based on the alleged displacement effects of designation, rather than on the restrictiveness of property controls or the dampening of property values. Therefore, they argue more or less the converse of property owners: that property values will rise in response to designation, causing rent increases and hikes in real estate tax liabilities. As this newer form of opposition has become more intense in communities with previously designated districts, preservationists have found themselves in the position of arguing that, while appreciation in property values occurs in historic districts, it is not due to designation, but rather, to the effects of other economic forces. One result is that more careful analyses have begun to emerge. An example is a study prepared for the Boston Redevelopment Authority (Engle and Avault). The residential property tax assessment data is examined for several Boston neighborhoods. The adjoining Beacon Hill and Back Bay neighborhoods were analyzed as a single study area. Designated a historic district in 1955, Beacon Hill exerted so little influence on the study area’s rate of growth in assessments that it was not until 1962 that assessments began to rise significantly beyond those of the city overall. But designation of Back Bay in 1966 paralleled a sharp rise in study area assessments. Yet, while assessments in the study area were higher than in the city overall, the rate of growth in assessments in the study area from 1966 to 1972 (136 percent) did not substantially diverge from that of the city overall. As for the Beacon Hill Back Bay area’s relative growth in assessments (383 percent) for the full study period (1946-72), it was exceeded by rates in Charlestown (619 percent), the Central/North End neighborhoods (531 percent), the South End (415 percent), and the Fenway/ Kenmore area (458 percent). None of these neighborhoods had been designated a historic district by 1972, although all had vintage building stocks. Therefore, although the Boston study provides mixed evidence of the impact of historic district designation on property values, it does not demonstrate that growth rates were out of proportion to other reinvestment areas where no designations had occurred. Further insights on the historic district designation issue are available from a consultant’s study of a neighborhood in Brooklyn. Three sections of the Park Slope district were examined, each with differing social, economic, and architectural properties. These sections were compared to three study areas from the adjoining nondesignated portion of the Park Slope neighborhood. It was found that, in most of the study areas, â€Å"the greatest property value increases occurred prior to designation.† After designation, â€Å"market values in the comparable areas . . . increased at roughly the same rates as those within the districts†. A survey was also conducted of residents in the Park Slope historic district and found that â€Å"only 15 to 25 percent of the respondents mentioned the designation as one of the reasons for moving into Park Slope,† although many cited the appeal of the architecture. The study concluded that â€Å"increases in market values have resulted from a number of factors in which designation did not play a major role. A third source of intelligence on this issue arises from research in Chicago (Schaeffer and Ahern 1988). One residential neighborhood listed on the National Register of Historic Places and two designated as local districts were examined. Housing sales data, secured from the files of a local real estate company, were used to measure property values. Schaeffer and Ahern found a statistically significant increase in the rate of housing sales in the national district, but not in the local districts, after their respective designation dates. To the extent that rising turnover in ownership contributes to enhanced sales prices, one would expect that property values would accelerate after designation. Conclusion Pursuing this issue, it is found that, indeed, price increases in the national district were statistically significant after designation, while those in the local districts were not. The difference might be due to the more stringent controls imposed on property use in the two local districts. These controls, they reason, could have the effect of discouraging property owners and would-be buyers from investing in housing. The National Register district, on the other hand, offers buyers the prestige of property ownership in a nationally recognized neighborhood, with few, if any, controls influencing use and enjoyment of property. Works Cited Engle, Robert F. and John Avault. Residential Property Market Values in Boston. Boston Redevelopment Authority, Research Department, Boston, MA. 1973 Listokin, David. Living Cities. Report of the Twentieth Century Fund Task Force on Urban Preservation Policies. New York: Priority Press Publications. 1985 Reed, Thomas J. Land Use Controls in Historic Areas. Notre Dame Lawyer 44, 3: 394. 1969 Schaeffer, Peter V., and Cecily P. Ahern. Historic Preservation and Economic Value. CBES Working Paper No. 2 (August). Denver, CO: School of Architecture and Planning, University of Colorado. 1988 How to cite Microeconomics, Essay examples Microeconomics Free Essays Question 1) With examples give 5 reasons why the study of microeconomics is important. Microeconomics is a field of economic study that focuses on how an individual’s behaviour and decisions affect the supply and demand for goods and services. For the purpose of microeconomics, the actions of individuals, households and businesses are crucial, unlike the study of macroeconomics, which focuses on national and international economic trends. We will write a custom essay sample on Microeconomics or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite the differences between the two fields, however, micro-level trends and the study of microeconomics are considered the basis of modern macroeconomics. Macroeconomics is concerned with the big picture, for example, the national economy and gross domestic product. By contrast, microeconomics is concerned with the small picture and focuses on theories of supply and demand. Firstly, microeconomics is very important in business, especially when it comes to a new business. Entrepreneurs create businesses by purchasing and utilizing factors of production. In order to estimate the potential return on investment (ROI) of those factors of production, entrepreneurs must have a basic knowledge of microeconomic concepts such as supply, demand, cost and profit. Without the basics of microeconomics, it is impossible to know how much a particular good can be sold for in a particular area. Furthermore, without microeconomic basics on costs and earnings, it is impossible to estimate ROI, thus will lead to poor financial investments. Microeconomics is very useful in business decision making. It helps business to achieve maximum production with the given amount of resources. Business firms can make decisions in demand analysis, cost analysis and methods of calculating prices. Second, marketing people must have a basic understanding of microeconomics so that they can set prices for products and decide in which markets to sell those products. For example, with an understanding of microeconomics, a computer company marketing manager can advise the CEO to start allowing instalment payments in case of an economic downturn, thus recovering business from customers hit hard by the recession. A marketing manager without a sense of economics might not realize that such options are available. Third, microeconomics is important when it comes to management. Managers must understand the concept of return on investment (ROI) when setting salaries for new hires, as employees are supposed to generate profits for the company. Managers must also have an understanding of microeconomics when making general budget decisions. A project shouldn’t be given a budget that exceeds what the project is expected to produce in future earnings. These kinds of decisions are based on the microeconomic concepts of cost, revenue and profit. Fourth, Finance and Accounting also requires the understandings of microeconomics. Finance people probably use microeconomics more than anyone else in business. Financial analysts use microeconomic and macroeconomic theories in order to forecast the future value of financial assets. For example, gold, stocks, bonds and other investments. A securities analyst might use microeconomic data to determine the change in income of people in a given country, then use the microeconomic concept of â€Å"price elasticity of demand† for the responsiveness of consumer demand to changes in consumer income and to determine whether the price of a given asset will rise or fall in that country. Accountants use financial ratios that are derived from microeconomics. Lastly, the understanding of microeconomic is needed to provide tools for economic policies. Microeconomic helps to impose tax rates by analyzing the demand and supply factors. It also helps to determine the government policies on the resource allocation and pricing. Government also make policies to control the prices of goods by using the theory of price ceiling and price floor. By understanding microeconomics, we can examine the implications and effectiveness of the government policies. Question 2) Define â€Å"ceteris paribus â€Å". Explain why the device of ceteris paribus is so important in economics. Ceteris Paribus is a Latin phrase that translates approximately to â€Å"holding other things constant† and is usually rendered in English as â€Å"all other things being equal†. In Economics the term â€Å"Ceteris Paribus† is used quite often to assume all other factors to remain the same, while analysing the relationship between any two variables. For example, when discussing the laws of supply and demand, one could say that if demand for a given product outweighs supply, ceteris paribus, prices will rise. Here, the use of â€Å"ceteris paribus† is simply saying that as long as all other factors that could affect the outcome such as the existence of a substitute product remain constant, prices will increase in this situation. One of the disciplines in which ceteris paribus are most widely used is economics, in which they are employed to simplify the formulation and description of economic outcomes and the theoretical relationship of cause and effect. When using ceteris paribus in economics, assume all other variables except those under immediate consideration are held constant. For example, it can be predicted that if the price of beef increases, ceteris paribus, the quantity of beef demanded by buyers will decrease. In this example, the clause is used to operationally describe everything surrounding the relationship between both the price and the quantity demanded of an ordinary good. This operational description intentionally ignores both known and unknown factors that may also influence the relationship between price and quantity demanded, and thus to assume ceteris paribus is to assume away any interference with the given example. Such factors that would be intentionally ignored include the relative change in price of substitute goods like the price of beef vs. chicken, the level of risk dislikes among buyers like the fear of mad cow disease, and the level of overall demand for a good regardless of its current price level like a societal shift toward vegetarianism. If we try to establish the relationship between demand and price, there may be other variables which may also influence demand besides price. The influence of other factors may invalidate the hypothesis that quantity demanded of a commodity is inversely related to its price. If rise in price takes place along with an increasing in income or a change technology, then the effect of price change may not be the same. However, the assumption that the other variables are unchanged will eliminate the interrupting influences of other variables. Ceteris Paribus is important in economics as it is an assumption which we are bound to make when there are complexities in the reality. It is necessary for the sake of convenience. The limitations of human intelligence and capacity compel us to make this assumption. Besides, without the assumption we cannot reach on economic relations, sequences and conclusions. In fact, there are large numbers of variables interacting simultaneously at a given time. If our analysis has to be accurate we may have to examine two variables at a time which makes it inevitable to assume other variables to remain unchanged. For the ceteris paribus assumption, let’s take for example by assuming an economist examines a model explaining the relationship between the price and quantity purchased of Coca-Cola. The theory is â€Å"if the price increases, then the quantity of Coca-Cola decreases, ceteris paribus. Now assume the process of Coca-Cola was observed to increased one summer and some people actually bought more, not less. Based on this real-world observation, you would declare the theory is wrong but actually the economist responds that this is a reasoning pitfall because the model is valid based on the assumption of ceteris paribus, and your observation gi ves no reason to reject the model. The reason the model appeared flawed is because another factor which is a sharp rise in the temperature. The rise in temperature caused people to buy more Coca-Cola in spite of its higher price. If the temperature and all other factors were held constant as the price of Coca-Cola rises, then people indeed would buy less Coca-Cola, as the model predicts. Therefore, the assumption that the other variables are unchanged will eliminate the interrupting influences of other variables. As a conclusion, ceteris paribus is important as it enhances our understandings towards the theoretical relationship of cause and effect as we can analyse the relationship between two variable without having any other variable influencing the results. The assumption of Ceteris Paribus eliminates the influence of other factors which may get in the way of establishing a scientific statement regarding the behaviour of economic variables. References Question 1 reference: Importance of microeconomics, http://www. slideshare. net/tribhuwan64/presentation-on-importance-of-microecon omics Importance of microeconomics, http://www. ehow. com/info_8301181_importance-microeconomics-business. html Question 2 reference: Microeconomics for Today, books. google. com. my/books? isbn=0538469447 Basic Tools in Economics, http://wikieducator. org/Basic_Tools_in_Economic_Analysis How to cite Microeconomics, Papers

Essay On Jefferson Essay Example For Students

Essay On Jefferson Essay Jefferson had destroyed political traditions. From his contradictions and defecting his priciples, Jefferson destroyed the political precedent and is a exemplatory hypocrite, which can be seen throughout his administration. Jefferson was an admired statesman who was grappling unsuccessfully with the moral issue of slavery. Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, opposed slavery his whole life, yet he never freed his own slaves. He championed Enlightenment principles, yet never freed himself of the prejudices of his soceity. Jefferson was extremely hypocritical in the issue of slavery. Jefferson was a plantation owner early in his life, and had slaves working for him throughout his life. Jefferson had tolerated while he didnt accept others who owned slaves. Jefferson denounced the slave owners, while he was owning and using slaves. Although Jefferson was supposedly a good slave owner, his hypocritical nature made him accuse others not to own slaves while he, himself was owning slaves. Another part of the hypocrisy was that Jefferson believed that the slaves were dependent upon the white man, while he, himself was dependent upon the slaves. Jefferson also was hypocritcal in his ac quisition of the Loisiana territory. In Jeffersonian principles, large expansive governments were bad, and small was good. This was a antithesis of that principle. Jefferson knew that the acquisition of the Loisiana territory was beneficial to the welfare of the U.S. According to the constitution, nowhere in the constitution is the acquisition of land a right of the government, Jeffersons predisposition was to strictly go by the constitution (as seen with the national bank controversy), this is another contradiction during his administration. Since the appropriation of the Lousiana territory was important for the expansion of the united states, he temporarily dismissed his principles, therefore destroying political traditions. Another hypocritical event during Jeffersons administration was his acceptance of the National Bank. Early in Jeffersons political career, Jefferson had debated with Hamilton on whether to have the National Bank. When this government was first established, it was possible to have kept it going on true principles, but the contracted, English, half-lettured ideas of Hamilton destroyed that hope in the bud, We can pay off his debts in 15 years. Early in Jeffersons Administration, Jefferson had denounced the National Bank. At the end of his administration, Jefferson realized that the National Bank was important and this is hypocritical by disregarding his principles. The Burr conspiracy depicted Jefferson as a ruthless, and a individual who will do anything inorder to achieve his goal. Jefferson championed civil liberties and unalienable rights. Yet, Jefferson violated civil liberties by coercing witnesses, arrested with out habeus corpus and prosecuting in a court of his own. Jefferson and Jeffersonians are hypocrites from the start and they destroyed political tradition as seen during Jeffersons administration. Jeffersonians show an immense amount of hypocritism in their policies. For example, Federalists had supported high tarriffs, inorder to protect national manufacturers and american industry. The tarriffs were a vital determinent, which kept the economy of the United States viable. The Jeffersonians, not the Federalists began the American system of protecting american industry which initially was a major constituent of the federalist platform.

Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development free essay sample

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development â€Å"Oral to Genital stage, how it affected me as an individual. † Submitted By: Submitted To: Freud’s theory of psychosexual development is based on erogenous zones which are important stages of development. According to the theory, there are five stages throughout one’s life: Oral phase, anal phase, phallic phase, latency phase, and genital stage. Each stage is involved in particular conflicts that must be resolved before moving on to the next stage of development. All the stages have two things in common: each stage has their own comfort and pleasure source. Freud believes one’s experience during early stages of growth decides their change patterns and personality traits in adulthood. Based on Freud’s theory, study of my own growth and development will show and explain each stage I have been through and resolved each stage before moving onto the next stage. We will write a custom essay sample on Freuds Theory of Psychosexual Development or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In addition, I am to outline five health promotion strategies to promote better health in myself which are realistic, attainable, and able to provide rationale of how they will help me achieve my goals. Oral phase begins when one is between births to18months of life. In this stage, infant’s mouth is the source of all comfort and pleasure. Satisfaction is obtained when oral needs are met. Sucking and biting is the center of pleasure for infants by using their mouths. Back in the day when I was still an infant, I used to suck my thumbs. From my parents’ memories, I did not suck thumb much compared to other infants around them. Also, I was not breastfed due to the fact that I hated it. However, I had my pacifier bottle as my replacement. As I grew, I have moved onto the anal phase which occurs around 18months up to three years old. In this stage, Freud states that the center of pleasure is divided between the mouth and the process of elimination. Toilet training is one of the conflicts for the parents’ demand and child’s biological needs. By resolving this, child gains self-control and independence. As Freud stated, I seldom sucked my thumb. However, I was constantly corrected by my parents not to do so. Also, I was toilet trained when I was about 11months old, earlier than what Freud’s theory would have expected. After I was toilet trained, I was confident about myself to go to washroom at my own will without someone always watching over me. Other events where I was able to do to things my own were to pick clothing for myself. From my mom’s story, I always lined clothes from top to bottom on a bed as if I was a stylist and asked her for approval and acknowledgement. At this stage, I have gained independence and self-control. According to Freud’s psychosexual developmental theory Phallic phase takes place between 3 to 6 years of life. During this stage, Freud explains that child is associated with genital organs and Oedipus and Electra complexes are developed. Also, child is comfortable with undressing and running around naked. When I was in phallic stage, I was told from parents that I did not develop Oedipus complex. However, every time I was changing, I would parade around naked at least once. Since I did not develop Oedipus complex, I did not have any unconscious sexual attraction to my mother and saw my dad as my rival. Reason being I did not develop Oedipus complex is due to the fact that my dad was not around as much because of work. As a result, my mom would take care of me without for me to develop Oedipus complex to have mom take care of me constantly. During my phallic stage, I was not able to resolve my oral stage. When I was in kindergarten, I remember occasionally chewing sides of my pencil due to stress and anxiety, but did not suck my thumb. During 6-12 years of life, latency phase begins. Sexual urges are dormant, quite the opposite from phallic stage. The sexual urges are channelled to â€Å"socially acceptable means of expression. †(Elaine Polan Daphne Taylor, 2007, p. 0) Students focus mainly on academic pursuits. Peer relationships increase between the same sexes. While attending school, I was not quite pursuing academically. I was more of a troublemaker with group of friends with same sex. My peer relationships increased by hanging out and attending same school club activities. Even though my sexual urges repressed, I remember that the urges were not completely repressed. From grade 1 to 3, I had a crush on one particular girl, but I was too shy to express my feelings because it was not normal for other students at my age it seemed. It seemed that I may have skipped my latency stage or it was not noticeable. In this stage, I did not stop chewing pencil. It got worse and had to talk to my parents about it. The conflict of sucking and biting of oral stage was resolved during my latency phase when I was introduced to chewing gum. Last stage, genital phase, occurs from puberty to adulthood. In this stage many things happen. Puberty kicks in, thus change in body for reproduction occurs. Also, increase in hormonal changes activates the sexual urges which were dormant for years. Sexual attraction and interest of opposite sex is increased. Desire for independence is still great, but still needs supervision from their parents. I had my first girlfriend when I was 12, before my puberty. Unfortunately, she had a car accident and passed away. This event caused my sexual urges to repress greatly because I was afraid similar things might happen to others. For 4 years, I avoided talking to opposite sex and the times I had to talk, I felt scared. Understanding the past got me back on track for sexual attraction and interest for opposite sex. Up to when I had my first job, I relied on my parents most of the time and did not have strong desire for independence. Having a job gave me the knowledge of social communication and gave me the urge to have complete independence which did not happen. With minimal supervision, I still want complete independence, but due to the fact that I need financial assistance I have to stay with my parents. Throughout five stages of psychosexual development, I have become who I am now. Oral stage was one of the most influential stages for my life because I was biting things like pencils and my nails often during school when stressful times came. It took very long and still now I have to constantly think to avoid chewing my nails. Phallic stage and latency stage seemed to just pass by without any problem other than the event where my closest friend passed away and might have kept my sexual attractions and interests of opposite sex for a short period of time during my genital stage. Health promotion is defined as any endeavour directed at enhancing the quality of health and well-being of individuals through strategies involving supportive environments, coordination of resources, and respect for personal hoice and values. (Janice A. Maville Carolina G. Huerta, 2008, p. 3) What can promote better health in me? One way to promote better health for myself is to quit smoking which I am currently working at the moment. Many people know smoking is one of the leading causes of death in North America. I first started smoking when I was 18 years old for about nine to ten months. Then I realized that why was I smoking for? So I decided to quit for good. I had withdrawal symptoms on the third day of quitting but after that I was clean. For about 10months after I quit, I started smoking again due to friends who kept peer pressuring me. Again, I started smoking for another five months and stopped. This time, I got my friends to quit with me at the same time so that I don’t smoke again to decrease my health. Also, making bets with friends who are smokers and non-smokers that if they catch me even holding on to a cigarette, I would have to pay money for consequences. That way, I lose my temptation to smoke. Another way to promote my health is to have a balanced lifestyle. Lifestyle is a broad category which may be too much for me to accomplish. However, working on small sections of a healthy lifestyle at a time to achieve balance is quite attainable. First, working on my daily sleeping routine is greatly needed. On average, people need around 8 to 10 hours sleep to function at their best. However, I get around 5 to 8 hours sleep a day which makes my whole day very tiring and stressful. Last two weeks or so, I have been sick almost every day because I lack sleep which increases stress level that was slowly harming my body, deteriorating my body from inside out. Sleeping early and taking naps during day time can greatly improve my daily life. Secondly, daily exercise of 30minutes a day is required. Even though I have time to go gym and workout, I do not have the mental strength to go and exercise and blame it on school. As a result, my dermographism and cholinergic ulticaria got worse due to the fact that I haven’t worked out for over 8months. In fact I have gained close to 10lbs as well over 8months. My strategy is to go to gym at least 3 times a week. It sounds exhausting, but once it becomes a habit, working out may refresh my mind to think clearly and help focus well in class. My last strategy to meet balanced healthy lifestyle is to eat homemade foods more often rather than eating out. Not long ago, my friends and I used to eat out and drink alcohol once a week. Also, I always bought lunch during break at KFC, Subway, and food court. All these fast foods with inadequate exercise helped me gain 10lbs of fat mass which I did not ask for. Also, most of the fast food contains MSG which makes food tasty but is harmful for our bodies in long-term basis. Two weeks ago, I have started to make my own lunch at home and brought to school and ate it during break. It was not as good as ones that I bought from restaurants but for the better health, better taste is sacrificed. Last but not least, I believe that the most important health promotion strategy for me is time management. I tend to do things on the last minute and it gives me big headaches and stress. To manage time, planning a weekly schedule in advance each week can greatly reduce my workloads the day before tests which can reduce my stress levels. Also by managing time, I can make time to have enough sleep and exercise daily without problems.

Examples of the Verb Ride, Including Ride Past Tense

Examples of the Verb Ride, Including Ride Past Tense The verb ride means to sit on and control the movement of a means of transportation such as a bike, car, or a horse, as well as to be a passenger being conveyed in or on such a means of transportation. The verb is used in English to express how a person or thing is using that transportation, such as, I rode in a car or He rides a horse. Ride is an irregular verb because it does not take a regular conjugation pattern. For example, the verb want is a regular verb in English, where the present tense is simply the verb, itself, often preceded by a pronoun, such as I want, or an infinitive, such as to want. For a regular verb in the past tense, you would simply add ed, as in I wanted. By contrast, ride is an irregular verb because its conjugations do not follow the pattern of a regular-conjugation verb such as want. The verb takes the same conjugations as the irregular verb drive, for example, which conjugates with a pattern of drive-drove-driven, depending on the tense. The verb ride, then, is the same as a regular verb in English, taking the form ride in the present tense. But in the past tense, the root changes, with the i changing to o, to form the verb rode. The past participle is completely different, but more on that below. Key Takeaways: The Irregularity of Ride The verb ride does not follow a regular conjugation pattern.  Its conjugation pattern is the same as for the verb drive, which conjugates as drive-drove-driven, depending on the tense.In the present tense, the conjugation of ride is the same as for a regular verb taking the form ride.In the past tense, the root changes, with the i swapping out for o, to form the verb rode. The past participle is ridden, as in: He has ridden the bike. Conjugating the Verb Ride It can be helpful for English learners to view the basic conjugations of a verb. The table provides conjugations for ride in the present, past, and past participle tenses. Present I ride you ride he/she/it rides we ride you ride they ride Past I rode you rode he/she/it rode we rode you rode they rode Past Participle I/you/he/she/it/we/you/they (have) ridden Note that the base form is  ride, the simple past tense is rode, and the past participle is  ridden. Example Sentences of the Verb Ride Here are sentences of the  verb  ride in nearly all  tenses  including active and passive forms, as well as  conditional  and  modal  forms. The tense is indicated in bold, followed by a brief explanation of when to use the particular tense, together with three example sentences. Present Simple This is the basic present tense. Use it to indicate something that occurs in the present. He rides his motorcycle to work.They ride to work together.I like to ride my horse. Present Simple Passive Though using passive voice is not considered the best practice for writing, there are conjugations for this voice, including for the verb ride. Use this form of the passive voice to express something that is happening to or being done by someone. That horse is ridden by Tom.The mower is ridden by Joe.The bus is ridden by the passengers. Present Continuous The present continuous is used to express an ongoing action. Were riding our bikes to the park this afternoon.They are riding the horses to the track.Sally is riding her scooter. Present Continuous Passive This tense is similar to the present continuous but in passive form. The horses are being ridden by tourists at the moment.The scooter is being ridden by Sally.The horses are being ridden to the park by them. Present Perfect The present perfect connotes an  action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present. Have you ever ridden a horse?They havent ridden their scooters for years.She has ridden her bike to work for six months. Present Perfect Passive This tense is similar to the present perfect but in the passive voice. Has that horse by ridden yet?The scooters havent been ridden by them for years.The bike hasnt been ridden for months. Present Perfect Continuous This tense is used to  refer to an unspecified time between before now and now. We have been riding bikes since 9 a.m.She has been riding the open road since last night.He has been riding his scooter for the past three hours. Past Simple The past simple is, as the name implies, the simple past. It expresses an action that occurred and was completed, in the past. He rode his bike to work last week.She rode her scooter to work.The passenger rode in the car. Past Simple Passive This tense is the same as the simple past but in the passive voice. That motorcycle was ridden by Elvis.The scooter was ridden by her.The horse was ridden by the equestrian competitor. Past Continuous The past continuous shows that an ongoing  action was happening at a specific moment in the past. He was riding his bike when his cell phone rang.She was riding her scooter to work when the police officer gave her a ticket.The equestrian competitor was riding her horse when she was stopped by a fan. Past Continuous Passive As in the other tenses, the past continuous passive is the same as the past continuous but in the passive voice. The horse was being ridden by Jack when it fell.The scooter was being ridden by her when a policeman stopped her.The bike was being ridden by him when his cell phone rang. Past Perfect The past perfect refers to something that occurred in the past before another action in the past. They had already ridden the horse before they bought it.She had already ridden the scooter before she got into an accident.He had already ridden the bike when he got a flat. Past Perfect Passive This tense is the same as the past perfect but in the passive voice. The horse had been ridden before it was sold.The bike had been ridden before its tire went flat.The scooter had already been ridden when it was in an accident. Past Perfect Continuous This tense expresses  something that started in the  past  and continued until another event happened, also in the  past. They had been riding for two hours when the accident happened.She had been riding for an hour before she received a ticket.The competitor had been riding for two months before her first fan approached her. Future The future tense expresses something that will happen in the future. She will ride her bike to work.He will ride with the other passengers.The competitor will ride the horse at the nationals. Future   passive The future passive expresses a future action but in the passive voice. That horse will be ridden by the queen.The scooter will be ridden by her.The bike will be ridden by the commuter. Future Continuous This tense expresses an action that will start and continue in the future. This time next week we will be riding our motorcycles down the highway on holiday.By next year, we will all be riding scooters to work.By the time I get to Phoenix, Ill be riding a train. Future Perfect The future perfect expresses an action that starts and finishes at some point in the future. She will have ridden all the horses in the stable by the end of the month.The commuters will have ridden the scooters to work 100 times by the end of the year.By the time I get to Phoenix, I will have ridden for 66 hours. Future Possibility The future possibility expresses something that might happen in the future. She might ride Lucky.The gambler might break even.The commuter might save time if he takes a different route. Real Conditional The real conditional expresses uncertainty about whether an action will occur. If she rides her motorcycle, she will change her clothes.If he commutes by bike, he will save money.If the jockey rides the horse Affirmed, he will win the race. Present Modal Modal verbs are  auxiliary (helping) verbs that  express ability, possibility, permission, or obligation. The present modal expresses these things in the present. She should ride that horse.I may ride that scooter.She might get a ticket if she rides too fast. Past Modal The past modal is similar to the present modal but in the past tense. She cant have ridden her bike!I might have ridden that scooter, but Im not sure.She might have ridden to fast before receiving a moving violation. Quiz: Conjugate with Ride Use the verb to ride to conjugate the following sentences. The quiz answers are listed below. In some cases, more than one answer may be correct. That horse _____ by Tom._____ you ever _____ a horse?He _____ his bike when his cell phone rang.She _____ her motorcycle to work next week.If she _____ her motorcycle, she will change her clothes.He _____ his bike to work last week.That motorcycle _____ by Elvis!He _____ his motorcycle to work.We _____ bikes since nine this morning.If she _____ her motorcycle, she will change her clothes. Quiz Answers is riddenHave riddenwas ridingis going to rideridesrodewas riddenrideshave been ridingrides

Critical review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Critical review - Essay Example This review takes into consideration the issues of equity, diversity and contemporary science education highlighted by the writers and analyzes the findings, arguments and results written by the writers of the article. The research questions given in the study are many in number and are: â€Å"How did these beginning teachers attempt to engage all students in talking and thinking about the nature of science, science concepts, and scientific practices? What reasons did they provide for content selected and strategies implemented? In particular, how did the recently adopted state science content standards shape their curricular and pedagogical decisions? How did the materials and strategies beginning teachers used resonate or conflict with those taught in their preservice science education courses? From what other sources did these beginning teachers draw inspiration or information?† (Bianchini, et. al, 2003, 423). These research questions are important and interesting because in asking these, the writers have tried to explore how the beginning teachers try to teach their students about the nature of science, its contemporary implementation and the adoption of strategies in terms of equity an d diversity. For people who are related to education sector, this study is very interesting because of its vastness and the posed questions related to contemporary science teaching dealing with equity and diversity. The methods adopted for data collection by the researchers of the study were qualitative interviewing, videotaping lectures and audio-taping interviews. The design of the study was very clear as the researchers were quite aware about the methodology they were going to adopt and they used it tactfully. The research was conducted by attending various teaching sessions by the first year teachers, by interviewing them about their adopted strategies in their teaching and in terms of their implementing various steps for equity and diversity related to

History Document Analysis on ETA and the Basque Country Essay

History Document Analysis on ETA and the Basque Country - Essay Example 498). In its campaigns thus far, the ETA has committed over 900 killings and dozens of kidnappings. While the ETA did declare a unilateral cease-fire on March 22, 2006, on September 23, 2006, the organization announced that it would resume hostilities until the achievement of Basque independence (ETA). To understand the sentiments at work in all three of these documents – particularly the harsh dichotomies of the Arana piece – it is good to have an understanding of the dynamics at work within the ETA. To people outside of the Basque region, and, in particular, outside of Spain, the mission of the ETA sounds just like one of many small revolutionary groups, agitating for its own few square miles of self-determination, if only to avoid the larger taxing entities in the country around it (Funes, p. 499). Each of these little splinter groups has its own manifesto that spouts idealistic words and phrases, its own shrill anthem that sounds to the modern person listening from abroad much like, quite frankly, the declarations that leapt from the American colonies to the government of Great Britain in the later days of the eighteenth century. The modern chapter of the Basque story begins during the reign of Francisco Franco, and his attempts to drive the Basque nation off the very face of the planet. Because there had been Basque sympathizers with the Republican side in the Spanish Civil War, Franco decided to eliminate any signs of Basque culture from the public consciousness. The Basque flag could not be displayed; Basque holidays could not be publicly celebrated; teaching the Basque language, or even speaking it in public, were forbidden; baptizing children who did not have Spanish surnames was proscribed (Sullivan, p. 88). This crackdown against non-Spanish cultures was not carried out throughout the country, however. While Guipuscoa and Biscay were also singled out for this attempted annihilation of local culture, because of their

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta Assignment

Final Project Reflective Paper - Team Beta - Assignment Example Consequently, it is a suitable platform for human resource managers to evaluate their progress and effect adjustment in their human resource management strategies. Management Introduction While implementing projects in new environments, any organization will require to strategize on how to manage its resources including the human labour in an effort to penetrate the market and compete with the external and internal market forces. The human labour is a crucial element of any business, and its management and effective utilization has a direct impact on the organization’s success. The productivity of human labour in all the phases of project implementation lies on the shoulders of the organizational managers. The role of human resource manager in an organization is to recruit, train, monitor, evaluate and motivate the employees during the project implementation process. The performance of an organization will depend on its ability to exercise effective organization behavior and s kills while managing teamwork among the role players within the system. To do this, a company will require to conduct a SWOT analysis as a strategy of re-evaluating its effectiveness in gathering its strengths, neutralizing its threats and weaknesses and grasping its opportunities presented in the environment. Effective team management and organizational behavior are the basic elements that the human resource management must possess in order to survive in the diverse market. Just like any other organization, Team Beta has faced the challenge of managing the team players during the implementation of its performance based scenario planning project. To maintain teamwork within the four members who have a variant cultural background is a credit worth effort that requires effective management skills that can stand the tests of a harsh project environment. The purpose of this article is engage in a critical reflective practice that Brookfield (1998) terms as an effective procedure to chec k the success of any team leader at each stage of a project. Organizational Behaviors and Skills Required in a Successful 21st-Century Organizational transformation is an element of business that an organization cannot ignore in the 21st century. With the proliferation of technology the barriers of business boundaries have become a thing of the past and the world has condensed into a small village. This is a century that has been dominated by trade globalization and extension of business boundaries to feature international business markets (Kreitman, 1997). These changes have had a great impact on trade and organizations are under the pressure to readjust their organizational behavior to suit diversified business environments that are characterized with unpredictable market forces. In team management, it is important to adopt a behavior that suits the modern approach of team management. One challenge that arises team management is the understanding of the available labour force, its management and motivation of the role players. Global diversity management advocates that team leaders provide opportunities for each employee to grow and develop within the organizations that they work in. It requires that the organization takes

North Norfolk Coast Protection

North Norfolk Coast Protection Aim: My aim of this project is to answer the following question: Should the North Norfolk Coast be protected at any cost? Or should nature be allowed to take its course? Norfolk is a low lying county which is very prone to erosion. The coastline is around 100 miles stretching from Hopton on Sea to Wash. The North Norfolk coastline stretches over 40 miles, covering 450 square kilometres. To aid this project, from the 13th 15th May 2009, I visited North Norfolk, to collect data and explore the coast. At the centre, I was given worksheets to fill in and I worked in a group and as an individual to collect this data. Areas in Norfolk that I visited include: Cley Next the Sea, Sheringham, Cromer, West Runton and Overstrand. Norfolk: The name comes from the Anglo-Saxon for North folk; hence Suffolk (which is South of Norfolk) derives from the Anglo-Saxon for South folk. Norfolk is situated in East England. To its West are the borders of Lincolnshire and Cambridgeshire (also to the Southwest). Norfolk is split up into 7 boroughs, with Norwich as the biggest (population wise). Norwich was once the second largest city in England in the 16th Century, however the Great Plague of London in 1665 killed around a third of the population. The total population of Norfolk is around 850,000 people. According to 2007 estimation, the population for North Norfolk is 100,800 people. Norfolk is the largest county in East Anglia but it is the least populated too. Norfolk is also a county without a motorway it relies on the A roads which connect to places such as Cambridge and the railway. The closest airport is Norwich International Airport his offers flights to Amsterdam and from there many interchange for other World destinations. Norfolks main highlights for tourists are its coastline, beaches and the historical city of Norwich. North Norfolk District was formed on April 1st 1974 and was originally named Pastonacres. North Norfolk covers 994 square kilometres and has a population of 98,382 along with 43,502 households according to the 2001 census. Over 20% of the people living in Norfolk work in the food industry or agriculture this is due to the land (which is low lying) being fertile and changed into arable land. The arable land often grows wheat, barely and sugar beet. Norfolks GDP made up 1.5% of Englands economy in 1998. The UK average and Norfolk has an apparent contrast. Most of Norfolks population is over the age of 50 whilst the UK average population consists of more people between the ages of 25 40. North Norfolk also contains lot of areas which are SSSI (Site of Special Scientific Interest) including Cleys Freshwater Marsh (owned by the NWT (Norfolk Wildlife Trust)) and the geology in West Runton. There is some information about the areas where I visited with my school on the trip to North Norfolk. Role in this project: Ive decided to take on the role as the North Norfolk District Council (NNDC) and I will be assessing the current coastal management in North Norfolk and exploring the issues that will arise. The NNDC pays 45% for the coastal defences whilst DEFRA (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) pays the rest (55%) although DEFRA can pay up to 75%. The NNDC maintains the coastal defences whilst the Environment Agency has the Strategic Overview of the entire coast and is responsible for the floods and both should not be mixed into being responsible for the other as they are easily mixed up. The Council prepares the Coastal Management Plans (CMPs) to assess the impacts on the damages due to coastal change and the Shoreline Management Plans (SMPs) which address the basics of coastal defence. Key Questions: With the viewpoint of being the North Norfolk Council, Ive decided on the following questions: Why is the North Norfolk Coast so vulnerable to erosion? Which areas in North Norfolk are at the greatest risk of coastal erosion? Why? What are the effects of the coastal defences in North Norfolk? Is the current expenditure worthwhile in North Norfolk and what are the other options? The above questions have been devised as my role assesses the current coastal management in North Norfolk. By devising these key questions and answering them, I hope use it to aid my conclusion to the aim of this project.

Analysis of the Crucible, page 41-42. Essay -- Essay on The Crucible

Analysis of the Crucible, page 41-42. The influential feeling throughout this extract, is the one sided effort to enjoy the time that they are spending over the meal. These efforts coming from John Proctor. One can gather the reasons for this cold shoulder shown to John by Elizabeth, is down to the broken trust, by John when having a love affair with Abigail earlier in the play. There are many emotions in the extract that show this feeling quite visibly, that can be explored. John shows great effort to show a keen interest in the meal provided by Elizabeth and other aspects of their day-to-day lives. Firstly when John hears the food is rabbit he quickly jumps in saying, 'Oh is it! In Jonathans trap.' This is his way to share a common ground, and to interact in their married life. There is also more evidence of John trying to make civilized conversation, with a slight humorous slant, 'This farm's a continent when you go foot by foot droppin' seeds in it.' It's also noticeable that he is looking to impress Elizabeth, trying to achieve this by showing off the work he had covered that day. However it is clear that he has failed in his plan to either put a smile to her face or to impress her in any way as she answers very blandly to these comments, with short unenthusiastic responses like, 'It must be.' This idea of Elizabeth's small dry, lifeless manner of speech does not just relate to the quotation, above but to the whole pattern of her speech in the extract. This of course being the opposite to John's efforts, and subtle hints of his humour. Clear evidence of this is shown when John tries the first time to impress or as he puts it 'please' his wife, 'If the crop is good I'll buy George Jacob's heife... ...burning desire in all men? In Abigail, he may wish he could delete this, but his passion was always there. John's appetite for stimulation can be found in Act 1 page 17. Where John and Abigail are speaking of the controversy that occurred in the woods; Abigail goes on to say, 'Oh posh, we were dancin' in the woods,' as she says this, she is said to be confidently, closing in on John. John's smile widens, as he replies, 'Ah, you're wicked yet aren't y'!' So it is clear that he is enjoying this little witty exchange, something that he doesn't seem to be attaining from Elizabeth. This links in with the preliminary thought of the one sided effort to the current relationship, that John is only showing. However from what has been shown previously, is that Elizabeth would show a keener interest, but is ensnared in her dissatisfaction and lack of trust in John.

Carmina Burana

A work that many have, at least heard a piece, of is Carmina Burana. Carl Orff composed this piece of music in 1936. A German, he was one of few composers that continued work during the Anti-Semitic rule of the country. Orff based his work off of a collection of poems found at the monastery of Benedikbeuren that dates back to the Twelfth Century! Carmina Burana is a set of twenty-five pieces that concern many of things going in everyone’s life today.Drinking, gambling, love, sex, fate, and fortune are just a few of the topics Orff composed of. 1 In this concert report I will go through the pieces that stood out the most to me. As mentioned, the most famous piece of this work is the opening sequence, â€Å"O Fortuna†. This glamorous piece begins with the full orchestra and chorus playing a loud, brave tone that quickly drops off into, what I hear as a loud whisper, sung by the entire chorus. Orff doesn’t let the listener take a break by coming back with same loud tone that the piece began with.Percussion instruments can be vividly heard throughout this opening piece, seemingly above the rest of the instruments. Early in this work, Orff establishes his theme of a â€Å"Wheel of Fortune†. 2 With the boldness of the opening sounds I feel that Orff is setting the tone for the whole work. Although the work is sung entirely in Latin, the translation of the first movement may surprise most people. The opening words â€Å"O Fortune† gives the listener an idea what the piece is about. As the piece goes, Orff describes fortune as oppressing and poor, in what I believe he was feeling at the time.The last words of this movement, in translation â€Å" everyone weep with me â€Å" were the biggest surprise to me because the orchestra ends the piece in carnival like melody. The second movement of Orff’s work is titled â€Å"Fortune plango vulneraâ€Å". This is personally my favorite piece of the work because of the hit or miss har mony. Different instruments take turns using the high-low rhythms, along with the chorus. The male voice is prominent at the beginning but soon after you can hear the voice of the full orchestra. Before reading the text n translation, this piece gave the idea of a rabbit jumping through to pasture or meadow to a novice listener like myself. This piece picks up from the last movement still pertaining to fortune. In the latter part of this piece Orff actually wrote in his overall theme by mentioning â€Å"the wheel of Fortune turns†. The fourth movement, â€Å"Omnia sol temperat† is sung in a completely different way. It begins with a male soloist singing, accompanied softly by violins. The way Orff chose to display this movement shows that there is no defined rhythm he is following.The soloist singing in a profound masculine voice sets the tone for this movement. The next movement discussed stands out as being one of the longest works of the cantata. â€Å"In taberna q uando sumus† opens with stringed instruments followed by percussion, and then a variety of other instruments join with the chorus. â€Å"When we are in the tavern†, the title sets this piece up for what I think would have a been a popular movement when it originated. Orff tells of drinking and gambling at the tavern, then goes on to list thirty names such as â€Å"the rich man† and â€Å"the poor man† that all drink.This stood out to me because I didn’t see this coming at all! It is also my least my favorite piece of the work. With the setting what it is, I didn’t particularly like the minor tone heard on and off in this movement. Orff could have been trying to relay a message by this of the tavern as a sometimes dark, bad place. The last movement of the cantata, â€Å"O Fortuna† begins just as the piece began with the same instruments and harmony. The last movement mirrors the first in a way that makes the listener understand the true tone of this work.I compliment Orff for doing this because I feel it is necessary. With a piece as strong and bold as this, I would think most composers would have chose to do this. After going back and re-listening to the first and last piece, there is no difference to my ear. The last movement does not lack any of the strength of the first movement; it’s a repeat that is well deserved. This theme has been used in many American movies, but sadly it is seldom recognized. Carl Orff made his mark in music history with Carmina Burana, namely the first and last movements â€Å"O Fortuna†.There are many more movements in this piece that all have uniqueness and glamour. Even though I am not the most avid Carl Orff fan, this piece surprised me with every movement. The overall performance of this piece was outstanding, with all the different melodies and tones, the use of full orchestra to solo vocalist, and an excellent job of conducting by Jeffery Thomas, I can see how this piece gained as much fame as it did. 1 â€Å" The Enjoyment of Music† Eleventh Edition, Kristine Forney and Joseph Machlis 2 http://classicalmusic. about. com/od/20thcenturymusic/a/carmina_burana. htm

Hillary Clinton for President Essay Example

Hillary Clinton for President Essay Example Hillary Clinton for President Essay Hillary Clinton for President Essay The presidential elections of 2016 has four primary candidates, who all believe they deserve this position, but only one person can stand out and lead this country. Dedicating more than thirty-five years of her life to the Democratic political realm, former first lady, senator, and madam secretary Hillary Clinton, has proven that she is more than capable of becoming America’s first female president. She believes that every child, no matter his or her background, should be granted the ability to pursue a better education, and she also believes that every person in American should have affordable healthcare. She ultimately showcases the drive, capability, and the interest of leading American into the right direction. Secretary Clinton’s platform issues regarding education and healthcare both show’s her concern with the nation’s well-being and future. Throughout her career Secretary Clinton has always been a strong advocate for educational reform. Being a graduate from Wellesley College majoring in political science and graduating from Yale’s law school, Secretary Clinton truly understands the importance of seeking a higher education. During her campaigning events she has made it very clear on how she plans to change the cost of a college education. Once she become president, within her first one hundred days in office, she plans to push her educational reform mission through the senate. As Secretary Clinton explained on her interview during on the breakfast club, this plan will benefit both the working and middle class families of America (The Breakfast Club). Secretary Clinton plans to do this by giving the children of America a debt free college tuition with her â€Å"New College Compact† deal. This deal plans to eliminate college tuition for the working families, and help students deal with all of the costs of a ttending college (The Breakfast Club). By pushing this policy through senate, if given the chance Secretary Clinton

OptionParser Command-Line Options the Ruby Way

OptionParser Command-Line Options the Ruby Way Ruby comes equipped with a powerful and flexible tool to parse command-line options, OptionParser. Once you learn how to use this, youll never go back to looking through ARGV manually. OptionParser has a number of features that make it quite appealing to Ruby programmers. If youve ever parsed options by hand in Ruby or C, or with the getoptlong C function, youll see how welcome some of these changes are. OptionParser is DRY. You only have to write the command-line switch, its arguments, the code to run when its encountered, and the command-line switch description once in your script. OptionParser will automatically generate help screens for you from this description, as well as infer everything about the argument from its description. For example, it will know the file [FILE] option is optional and takes a single argument. Also, it will know that [-no]-verbose is really two options and will accept both forms.OptionParser will automatically convert options to a specific class. If the option takes an integer, it can convert any string passed on the command-line to an integer. This cuts down on some of the tedium involved in parsing command-line options.Everything is very contained. All of the options are in the same place, and the effect of the option is right along-side the definition for the option. If options have to be added, changed or someone simply wants to see what they do, the re is only one place to look. Once the command-line is parsed, a single Hash or OpenStruct will hold the results. Enough Already, Show Me Some Code So heres a simple example of how to use OptionParser. It doesnt use any of the advanced features, just the basics. There are three options, and one of them takes a parameter. All of the options are mandatory. There are the -v/verbose and -q/quick options, as well as the -l/logfile FILE option. Additionally, the script takes a list of files independent of the options. #!/usr/bin/env ruby # A script that will pretend to resize a number of images require optparse # This hash will hold all of the options # parsed from the command-line by # OptionParser. options {} optparse OptionParser.new do|opts|   Ã‚  # Set a banner, displayed at the top   Ã‚  # of the help screen.   Ã‚  opts.banner Usage: optparse1.rb [options] file1 file2 ...   Ã‚  # Define the options, and what they do   Ã‚  options[:verbose] false   Ã‚  opts.on( -v, verbose, Output more information ) do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  options[:verbose] true   Ã‚  end   Ã‚  options[:quick] false   Ã‚  opts.on( -q, quick, Perform the task quickly ) do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  options[:quick] true   Ã‚  end   Ã‚  options[:logfile] nil   Ã‚  opts.on( -l, logfile FILE, Write log to FILE ) do|file|   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  options[:logfile] file   Ã‚  end   Ã‚  # This displays the help screen, all programs are   Ã‚  # assumed to have this option.   Ã‚  opts.on( -h, help, Display this s creen ) do   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  puts opts   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  exit   Ã‚  end end # Parse the command-line. Remember there are two forms # of the parse method. The parse method simply parses # ARGV, while the parse! method parses ARGV and removes # any options found there, as well as any parameters for # the options. Whats left is the list of files to resize. optparse.parse! puts Being verbose if options[:verbose] puts Being quick if options[:quick] puts Logging to file #{options[:logfile]} if options[:logfile] ARGV.each do|f|   Ã‚  puts Resizing image #{f}...   Ã‚  sleep 0.5 end Examining the Code To start off with, the optparse library is required. Remember, this isnt a gem. It comes with Ruby, so theres no need to install a gem or require rubygems before optparse. There are two interesting objects in this script. The first is options, declared at the top-most scope. Its a simple empty hash. When options are defined, they write their default values to this hash. For example, the default behavior is for this script to not be verbose, so options[:verbose] is set to false. When options are encountered on the command-line, theyll change the values in options to reflect their effect. For example, when -v/verbose is encountered, it will assign true to options[:verbose]. The second interesting object is optparse. This is the OptionParser object itself. When you construct this object, you pass it a block. This block is run during construction and will build a list of options in internal data structures, and get ready to parse everything. Its in this block that all the magic happens. You define all the options here. Defining Options Each option follows the same pattern. You first write the default value into the hash. This will happen as soon as the OptionParser is constructed. Next, you call the on method, which defines the option itself. There are several forms of this method, but only one is used here. The other forms allow you to define automatic type conversions and sets of values an option is restricted to. The three arguments used here are the short form, long form, and description of the option. The on method will infer a number of things from the long form. One thing is will infer is the presence of any parameters. If there are any parameters present on the option, it will pass them as parameters to the block. If the option is encountered on the command-line, the block passed to the on method is run. Here, the blocks dont do much, they just set values in the options hash. More could be done, such as checking that a file referred to exists, etc. If there are any errors, exceptions can be thrown from these blocks. Finally, the command-line is parsed. This happens by calling the parse! method on an OptionParser object. There are actually two forms of this method, parse and parse!. As the version with the exclamation point implies, it is destructive. Not only does it parse the command-line, but it will remove any options found from ARGV. This is an important thing, it will leave only the list of files supplied after the options in ARGV.

The use of abstract images in advertising design requirements & impact Essay

The use of abstract images in advertising design requirements & impact - Essay Example Hence, the advertisers are taking keen interest in improving the credibility of their advertisements to attract customer attention and influence their purchase decisions by changing their attitudes and perception of the products through effective advertising. The use of abstract images is significant owing to its manifold benefits. It is used by companies as a part of their cognitive message strategy, affective message strategy, conative message strategy, or brand message strategy. The cognitive message strategy strives to rationalize arguments and promote a unique selling point of the products and dismiss competition by attacking the competitor’s product by influencing direct advertising. Affective message strategy is more inclined towards emotionally targeting the customers and establish a link to its products by facilitating the target audiences to recall their personal experiences which influence them in making the ultimate purchase decision. Conative strategies offer huge discounts and free gifts as a means of attracting their target customers while brand building strategies largely focus on enhancing and elevating the brand image of their products (Masterman, Wood, 2006, Pp.143). Visualization is the key to capturing the early attention of the consumers since it has immense potential of enchanting and mesmerizing the consumer’s psyche which lead to the ultimate purchase decision. This tactic is now been increasingly used by advertisers in both digital as well as print media. In terms of advertising – visualization refers to the interpretation of realistic or abstract images which depict a specific set of data. The abstract advertisers have often embraced the use of highly abstract visual metaphors and symbols in various advertising campaigns to put across their point clearly and diligently. According to Goldman and Montagne, (1986), the advertisers today mostly focus on structuring their advertising campaigns which are built

Three imediments to small businesses in America Research Paper

Three imediments to small businesses in America - Research Paper Example Small businesses in America face many difficulties, but three that are documented in current literature are financing, race, and having a solid business strategy. The literature researched shows three reasons small businesses in America can have difficulty. Part of the discussion around small business difficulty is the definition of what it means to have a small business success. There are several factors affecting survival of small businesses in the United States, but the most dominant are racism, ineffective strategic planning and poor management. In the United States the race factor plays an important role in most of the operations and functioning in the country. Small businesses require loans to boost their performance and increase income. This is because most if the small businesses have limited financial supply. However, racism has greatly affected availability of loans to most of entrepreneurs with small businesses. Most small business owners are African American and the race factor has hindered them access to loans and hence affected development of small businesses. On the other hand, whites are accessing loans. However, not most of the whites are engaged in small businesses. This has affected growth if the small business industry to the expense of large scales businesses (Weinzimmer and Manmadhan, 2009, p 171). For the survival of an organization, it has to posses an effective marketing department. The marketing department is charged with ensuring public awareness of the services and the products of the organization. The department works in conjunction with the public relation department hence inform the public while maintaining a good relation and image with the public. For proper and effective marketing, an organization has to strategically plan the marketing process. For instance, before a company commences it has to determine the kinds of services or products to offer to the public. For established companies, they use marketing as a tool of determi ning the changes they ought to make to their products or services so as to enhance sales. Generally, companies use marketing to determining appropriate strategies to use in sales, development and communication with an aim of increased sales and containing competition (Cavalluzzo, & Wolken, 2005, p 2158). Due to the limitation of resources, small businesses ought to strategically plan. Therefore, small businesses strategically plans the marketing process hence concentrate their limited resources to the greater opportunities available. When the process is effective, the company may realize sales increase and hence achieve competitive advantage in the market. The strategy may enable a company to fill the needs of the market and hence reach the objectives of the market. A good strategy has to effectively scan both the external and internal environments. This can be achieved via appropriate Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threats (SWOT) analysis. After the analysis then a company may set a strategic plan for market, establish goals, identify alternatives in the market, determine market mix and implement them (Bergen, 2001, p 460). Strategic marketing plan An effective, efficient and adaptable marketing plan has several components. These components help in the implementation and achieving

Global operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global operations management - Essay Example To increase its influence and reach more customers in various parts of the world, Huawei has also entered into partnerships with numerous companies. Theories of Internalisation The term internationalisation is descriptive of the methods that are used by business organisations to adapt their numerous operations, in regards to company policies, resources and organisational structure, to suit foreign environments (Dunning 2006). Before embarking on the process of internationalisation, business organisations have to take into account factors such as the geographic distance of the overseas market being considered, the different company associated operations that the company will engage in the foreign branch, and the level to which the company would like to integrate corporate activities (Mitgwe 2006). There are different theories that seek to explain the ways through which internationalisation may occur. ... Dunning’s Theory in the Internationalisation of Huawei According to Dunning’s OLI model, foreign subsidiaries usually demonstrate higher productivity rates than their local counterparts due to the existence of ownership competitive advantages (Dunning 2006). Dunning’s eclectic (OLI) model stipulates that there are three critical elements that are evident in any firm that invests in a foreign branch or subsidiary. The three factors are location advantages, ownership advantages, and internalisation advantages (Dunning 2009). Ownership advantages have to do with the existing conditions that accompany of foreign direct investment (Contractor 2007). For example, to be successful in foreign investment, a firm has to have comparative advantages over other foreign corporations before it determines that a branch will be set up in a foreign nation. Location advantages have to do with the extent to which foreign business-related conditions are favourable to the company in q uestion (Sethi, Guisinger, Phelan, and Berg 2003). Internalisation factors, on the other hand, have to do with how well the multinational corporation can internalise ownership advantages in order to prevent the escalation of transaction costs which are naturally incurred in the course of international production. The Huawei Technological Corporation is a firm that was launched long after other telecommunications corporations had already been launched in the Western nations (Dunning 2009). Huawei therefore focused more on meeting particular objectives in order to realise its internationalisation. Huawei has traditionally used low cost as a technique to enter markets in both developing and developed nations. Huawei also invests in developed nations mainly to realise the adoption of new technologies.

Microteaching Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Microteaching Evaluation Essay A microteaching lesson can be used to find out what works well in a lesson and what can be improved following feedback. Harvard University states â€Å"Microteaching is organized practice teaching. The goal is to give instructors confidence, support, and feedback by letting them try out among friends and colleagues a short slice of what they plan to do with their students. Ideally, microteaching sessions take place before the first day of class, and are videotaped for review individually with an experienced teaching consultant. Microteaching is a quick, efficient, proven, and fun way to help teachers get off to a strong start.† For my microteaching session, I was observed teaching a group of apprentices using oxy fuel cutting techniques. This session started with safety and finished with practical demonstrations and observations. As my lesson was primarily workshop based, a lot of the teaching was demonstrations observations and oral questions and answers. At the time of my lesson, there were no classrooms available for the safety video I usually use as an introduction so I therefore had to adapt my lesson to suit the learning needs of the apprentices. Firstly, the usual lesson I would carry out would be completed over two days covering every aspect of oxy fuel cutting. As the group I was teaching had already completed manual handling of cylinders, I could remove sections of the lesson. I would also teach up to twelve learners, however during this lesson I only had four learners. This allowed me to shorten the lesson further. This was ideal because two members of the group have a small concentration span and benefitted more from a smaller shorter lesson. One leaner had previous experience of oxy fuel cutting from college so I had to assess his ability, knowledge and understanding along the way. I had to be prepared to offer this learner more work to meet his needs. Partner work was used in which I chose the pairs in relation to their a bility and understanding, and set them small tasks to encourage good working relationships. Instead of watching a video and power point in a classroom, the lesson had to be carried out in a workshop environment. This had both a negative and positive affect on my learners. One learner in particular always struggles to learn in the classroom as he is very easily distracted and is best suited in the workshop. He seemed to learn more from this adaption as he needs to be kept busy and occupied at all times. Another learner in the group bounces off this learner’s behaviour so with all learners occupied and busy, the second learner was also occupied and well behaved which encouraged him to work and learn. There were however, aspects on the video which could not be demonstrated in the workshop and could cause confusion between some learners following and working from the hand outs. The hand outs which I used were also used in the workshop for the learners to follow. These hand outs are usually used with a power point presentation but without a classroom, the lesson had to be adapted. One learner in the group can struggle with the workshop based learning. He has quite a good understanding of the subject and can ask a lot of questions relating to the subject. I adapted the lesson to suit his needs by setting a set of questions for them to research and answer at the end of the lesson using the knowledge and understanding they had and gained, their hand outs and research on the internet. There were also diagrams to label in the hand out which instead of working from the power point presentation, I had them label orally during the lesson to assess their learning. I could expand on the activities completed to embed elements of minimum core easily. Although the research part of the lesson was added due to not having a classroom, I could set research questions in every lesson. Instead of cutting straight lines with the learners, I could set them a task of marking out and cutting out shapes to dimensions in which the learners would have to allow for the kerf or cutting line. This would encourage the use of maths by working from dimensions and working out simple formulas to find circumferences and cutting widths. I could also incorporate the use of the smart boards to encourage learners to take part in presentations or answering questions. Games could be organised for diagram labelling identifying components and parts of equipment. During the lesson, I constantly gave feedback to the learners by asking questions to ensure they knew and understood what they were learning and acknowledging their answers. During the practical work I would assess their ability of cutting and identify faults with them but highlighting the good points to keep them motivated. The learners would identify and try to correct their faults for the next cut. I would ask the learner what they thought of their work and ask them what they thought they were doing wrong working from fault sheets. I encouraged the learners to try and cut in a variety of ways to keep them motivated following the same method in giving them feedback. This was done in order to prolong their motivation and to encourage them to assess their own work and improvement so they could see their own individual progression. The questions for research that I set were checked, but not in a formal manner. I ensured the learners knew they were set as tasks rather than a test. I went through the questions with the group as a whole and they all shared their answers to the group. Each learner had an input in answering the questions and a conclusive answer was met. I could develop my lesson further by expanding the length of the lesson slightly to cover more aspects of oxy fuel cutting. More resources could be used in order to embed minimum core more effectively. Resources such as videos and power points should be used for learners who learn more effectively in a classroom but should also cater for the learners who learn more from demonstrations and observations in the workshop perhaps in the form of more hand outs or other resources such as work or procedure sheets or question and answer sheets. I could also incorporate the use of a smart board as opposed to just using it for power point presentations to include learners in each lesson. Finally, I need to ensure I keep adapting lessons to meet the learning needs of the learners. Adapting lessons is an important part of teaching as Geoff Petty (page 141) noted â€Å"Many teachers develop one or two teaching methods and stick to them. This is a mistake. A variety of methods – as well as increasing student attention and interest – gives you the flexibility to deal with the wide range of challenging and infuriating problems that teachers inevitably encounter. It also helps you deal with the increasing demands of the teacher’s ever-changing role. In modern education, as in evolution, the motto is ‘adapt to survive.† BIBLIOGRAPHY http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/html/icb.topic58474/microteaching.html Accessed 15/08/12 Petty, G (2009) Teaching Today a Practical Guide, Nelson Thornes Ltd, Cheltenham

Kants Categorical Imperative Essay -- Philosophy Categorical Imperati

Kant's Categorical Imperative Deontology is the ethical view that some actions are morally forbidden or permitted regardless of consequences. One of the most influential deontological philosophers in history is Immanuel Kant who developed the idea of the Categorical Imperative. Kant believed that the only thing of intrinsic moral worth is a good will. Kant says in his work Morality and Rationality â€Å"The good will is not good because of what it affects or accomplishes or because of it’s adequacy to achieve some proposed end; it is good only because of it’s willing, i.e., it is good of itself†. A maxim is the generalized rule that characterizes the motives for a person’s actions. For Kant, a will that is good is one that is acting by the maxim of doing the right thing because it is right thing to do. The moral worth of an action is determined by whether or not it was acted upon out of respect for the moral law, or the Categorical Imperative. Imperatives in general imply something we ought to do however there is a distinction between categorical imperatives and hypothetical imperatives. Hypothetical imperatives are obligatory so long as we desire X. If we desire X we ought to do Y. However, categorical imperatives are not subject to conditions. The Categorical Imperative is universally binding to all rational creatures because they are rational. Kant proposes three formulations the Categorical Imperative in his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Moral, the Universal Law formulation, Humanity or End in Itself formulation, and Kingdom of Ends formulation. In this essay, the viablity of the Universal Law formulation is tested by discussing two objections to it, mainly the idea that the moral laws are too absolute and the existence of false positives and false negatives. The first formulation of the Categorical Imperative is defined by Kant to "act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law†. Good moral actions are those of which are motivated by maxims which can be consistently willed that it’s generalized form be a universal law of nature. These maxims are otherwise known as universilizable maxims. Maxims can then be put through the Categorical Imerative test to determine their universilisablility and thus the premissability the maxim. To test a maxim we must ask ourselves whether we can consi... ... Therefore the action of removing all your money from the bank when there is a stock market downturn is immoral according to the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative. The fact that a person cannot withdraw their money from a bank because of moral restraints shows that there are some serious problems with the moral theory at work. The first formulation of the Categorical Imperative â€Å"act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† seems at face value viable. Nevertheless the lack of guidelines to determine which maxim should be used to describe an action causes problems with the consistency of the Universal Law formulation. Moreover, the abundance of false positives and false negatives suggests a deep problem with the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative that may not be fixable. Works Cited: 1) Feldman, Fred. ‘Kantian Ethics’ in [EBQ] James P Sterba (ed) Ethics: the Big Questions, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, 185-198. 2) Kant, Immanuel. ‘Morality and Rationality’ in [MPS] 410-429. 3) Rachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy fourth edition. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Some Cannot Forget :: essays research papers

The Vietnam War Purpose: To illustrate my view on the Vietnam War. Audience: Anyone with an interest in the Vietnam War. Some Can't Forget I awaken and bolt upright in bed, my heart racing and sweat beginning to bead on my forehead. My chest heaving with ragged breaths, I try to figure out what startled me out of sleep. Then I hear it: The terrified scream of my father piercing through the eerie silence. My heart skips a beat and I shuffle my feet under the covers, letting them fall off the bed and land on the carpet. I start to push myself up, but then hear my mom's voice slowly drift down the hall as she tries to awaken and comfort my father. "It's okay. You're home. You're okay. It's over." A sigh escapes my lips and I lay back in bed, pull the covers to my neck, and desperately hope to fall back asleep. Another nightmare of the Vietnam War. I could never in my wildest dreams even begin to imagine having to experience something with such controversy and horror. But my father was there and it is still with him today, almost thirty years later. As most people know, there was an extreme amount of debate over the Vietnam War. There were protesters in the streets and marching on the White House lawn, preaching about peace and civil rights. Young men were fleeing to Canada to escape the draft, while others freely volunteered to join the service. Even though the war was in Vietnam, the fighting spirit could be found all over in the cities of the United States. I understand the opposition to the war, because technically it wasn't even our fight. It was, after all, within the country of Vietnam. But the reason we intervened was because the South Vietnamese government asked us to fight the communism that was trying to take them over. While most people knew this, I don't think they fully understood it or even cared. All they knew was that people they loved were being sent off to a foreign country to die. One thing that I really don't understand is the way that the Vietnam veterans were treated after they returned home. These soldiers were fighting for our country, doing their duty to serve and protect. They were not the ones who started the war, so why should they be blamed for it?

Communication Process Paper Essay

Communication process is a very important aspect with the help of which people send messages verbal including sentences, words, and messages nonverbal including physical setting, facial expression, and behavior. Communication patterns have changed because of changing nature of interaction between people. Communication allows business to coordinate and unify common goals. An open communication policy in business where the employees may come to the supervisors and voice his or her likes as well as dislikes. The business will have a workable environment for everyone. As the message passes through this medium, there is noise and which changes the message into something different from what was sent. These are otherwise known as the barriers to effective communication. Noise can be static or anything that distracts from the intended massage. Example, if there a meeting going on in the workplace and two employees are talking in the background. An individual will become distracted of what th e meeting is about. Communication process Paper The climates in most workplace are cool if it is an inside job. So individual may be comfortable communicating with one and another. Some people believe the environment tan make a difference with the way an individual communicate. Communication is vital in the workplace and it the primary means to convey the proper message. Most jobs have shift work and needs to communicate from one shift to another. This may be done by verbal or written in paper. A business climate most likely creates within levels of management and spreads from there. The strength and weakness of any organization are only good or bad as the individuals who work there. If there an open policy where employees can communication with his or her supervisors as they please. This procedure will make the workplace environment workable for everyone. Every employee in the workplace should voice his or her opinion toward the supervisor without been afraid of the outcome. Everyone has some weaknesses and strengths in communication as a result of psychological and personal peculiarities, and every day communication patterns. Verbal written communication is my strength. My weakness is nonverbal communication because in some situations I am not sure what behavior patterns I should follow, for instance, speaking with strangers, or the police. Sometimes I believe cultural or social barriers communicating with others, I have strong verbal communication skills because I spend much time communicating with my friends on the Internet. This way I can communicate with several people at the same time, and save time on phone calls or visiting them. This form of communication is very popular because it transmits information to the individuals and receives reply rapidly. I have good written skills and can clearly express opinion in several sentences. This strength is logical, concise, and informative messages, which help the recipient to grasp the idea at once. Good written skills used in the criminal justice system and other business. Years ago the senior management committee of some business, there strategies for doing everything from changing policies to dealing with employees discussed behind closed doors. Once those decisions made by management, the supervisors were asked to put those decisions into effect. The employees had little to no input on those matters. The employees did as they were told or had to find a new job. Today some management team members listen to what the employees have to say before making a decision on changing the policies. Most business in the present encourages employees to take an active part in their company. The employees who work on production line may know some ways to improve the lines. Some manager may pass out certain type of rewards for his or her ideals. Communication process with employees can be a difficult task. It may take knowing what an individual have to say to communicate in a way to receive desired result. Communications to employees come from several areas within the organization, the director, human resources, the program manager, and other management team. Every employee need to know what is happening within the company. The company will not achieve if the employees are not contribute what expected of him or her. That why a well-organized internal communication strategy required to create the ideal mindset within the company. Reference Communicating Effectively with Employees Retrieved on July 12, 2011 from http://www. learningspaces.njit.edu/Elliot/content/communicating-effectively employee