Global operations management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Global operations management - Essay Example To increase its influence and reach more customers in various parts of the world, Huawei has also entered into partnerships with numerous companies. Theories of Internalisation The term internationalisation is descriptive of the methods that are used by business organisations to adapt their numerous operations, in regards to company policies, resources and organisational structure, to suit foreign environments (Dunning 2006). Before embarking on the process of internationalisation, business organisations have to take into account factors such as the geographic distance of the overseas market being considered, the different company associated operations that the company will engage in the foreign branch, and the level to which the company would like to integrate corporate activities (Mitgwe 2006). There are different theories that seek to explain the ways through which internationalisation may occur. ... Dunning’s Theory in the Internationalisation of Huawei According to Dunning’s OLI model, foreign subsidiaries usually demonstrate higher productivity rates than their local counterparts due to the existence of ownership competitive advantages (Dunning 2006). Dunning’s eclectic (OLI) model stipulates that there are three critical elements that are evident in any firm that invests in a foreign branch or subsidiary. The three factors are location advantages, ownership advantages, and internalisation advantages (Dunning 2009). Ownership advantages have to do with the existing conditions that accompany of foreign direct investment (Contractor 2007). For example, to be successful in foreign investment, a firm has to have comparative advantages over other foreign corporations before it determines that a branch will be set up in a foreign nation. Location advantages have to do with the extent to which foreign business-related conditions are favourable to the company in q uestion (Sethi, Guisinger, Phelan, and Berg 2003). Internalisation factors, on the other hand, have to do with how well the multinational corporation can internalise ownership advantages in order to prevent the escalation of transaction costs which are naturally incurred in the course of international production. The Huawei Technological Corporation is a firm that was launched long after other telecommunications corporations had already been launched in the Western nations (Dunning 2009). Huawei therefore focused more on meeting particular objectives in order to realise its internationalisation. Huawei has traditionally used low cost as a technique to enter markets in both developing and developed nations. Huawei also invests in developed nations mainly to realise the adoption of new technologies.

Microteaching Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Microteaching Evaluation Essay A microteaching lesson can be used to find out what works well in a lesson and what can be improved following feedback. Harvard University states â€Å"Microteaching is organized practice teaching. The goal is to give instructors confidence, support, and feedback by letting them try out among friends and colleagues a short slice of what they plan to do with their students. Ideally, microteaching sessions take place before the first day of class, and are videotaped for review individually with an experienced teaching consultant. Microteaching is a quick, efficient, proven, and fun way to help teachers get off to a strong start.† For my microteaching session, I was observed teaching a group of apprentices using oxy fuel cutting techniques. This session started with safety and finished with practical demonstrations and observations. As my lesson was primarily workshop based, a lot of the teaching was demonstrations observations and oral questions and answers. At the time of my lesson, there were no classrooms available for the safety video I usually use as an introduction so I therefore had to adapt my lesson to suit the learning needs of the apprentices. Firstly, the usual lesson I would carry out would be completed over two days covering every aspect of oxy fuel cutting. As the group I was teaching had already completed manual handling of cylinders, I could remove sections of the lesson. I would also teach up to twelve learners, however during this lesson I only had four learners. This allowed me to shorten the lesson further. This was ideal because two members of the group have a small concentration span and benefitted more from a smaller shorter lesson. One leaner had previous experience of oxy fuel cutting from college so I had to assess his ability, knowledge and understanding along the way. I had to be prepared to offer this learner more work to meet his needs. Partner work was used in which I chose the pairs in relation to their a bility and understanding, and set them small tasks to encourage good working relationships. Instead of watching a video and power point in a classroom, the lesson had to be carried out in a workshop environment. This had both a negative and positive affect on my learners. One learner in particular always struggles to learn in the classroom as he is very easily distracted and is best suited in the workshop. He seemed to learn more from this adaption as he needs to be kept busy and occupied at all times. Another learner in the group bounces off this learner’s behaviour so with all learners occupied and busy, the second learner was also occupied and well behaved which encouraged him to work and learn. There were however, aspects on the video which could not be demonstrated in the workshop and could cause confusion between some learners following and working from the hand outs. The hand outs which I used were also used in the workshop for the learners to follow. These hand outs are usually used with a power point presentation but without a classroom, the lesson had to be adapted. One learner in the group can struggle with the workshop based learning. He has quite a good understanding of the subject and can ask a lot of questions relating to the subject. I adapted the lesson to suit his needs by setting a set of questions for them to research and answer at the end of the lesson using the knowledge and understanding they had and gained, their hand outs and research on the internet. There were also diagrams to label in the hand out which instead of working from the power point presentation, I had them label orally during the lesson to assess their learning. I could expand on the activities completed to embed elements of minimum core easily. Although the research part of the lesson was added due to not having a classroom, I could set research questions in every lesson. Instead of cutting straight lines with the learners, I could set them a task of marking out and cutting out shapes to dimensions in which the learners would have to allow for the kerf or cutting line. This would encourage the use of maths by working from dimensions and working out simple formulas to find circumferences and cutting widths. I could also incorporate the use of the smart boards to encourage learners to take part in presentations or answering questions. Games could be organised for diagram labelling identifying components and parts of equipment. During the lesson, I constantly gave feedback to the learners by asking questions to ensure they knew and understood what they were learning and acknowledging their answers. During the practical work I would assess their ability of cutting and identify faults with them but highlighting the good points to keep them motivated. The learners would identify and try to correct their faults for the next cut. I would ask the learner what they thought of their work and ask them what they thought they were doing wrong working from fault sheets. I encouraged the learners to try and cut in a variety of ways to keep them motivated following the same method in giving them feedback. This was done in order to prolong their motivation and to encourage them to assess their own work and improvement so they could see their own individual progression. The questions for research that I set were checked, but not in a formal manner. I ensured the learners knew they were set as tasks rather than a test. I went through the questions with the group as a whole and they all shared their answers to the group. Each learner had an input in answering the questions and a conclusive answer was met. I could develop my lesson further by expanding the length of the lesson slightly to cover more aspects of oxy fuel cutting. More resources could be used in order to embed minimum core more effectively. Resources such as videos and power points should be used for learners who learn more effectively in a classroom but should also cater for the learners who learn more from demonstrations and observations in the workshop perhaps in the form of more hand outs or other resources such as work or procedure sheets or question and answer sheets. I could also incorporate the use of a smart board as opposed to just using it for power point presentations to include learners in each lesson. Finally, I need to ensure I keep adapting lessons to meet the learning needs of the learners. Adapting lessons is an important part of teaching as Geoff Petty (page 141) noted â€Å"Many teachers develop one or two teaching methods and stick to them. This is a mistake. A variety of methods – as well as increasing student attention and interest – gives you the flexibility to deal with the wide range of challenging and infuriating problems that teachers inevitably encounter. It also helps you deal with the increasing demands of the teacher’s ever-changing role. In modern education, as in evolution, the motto is ‘adapt to survive.† BIBLIOGRAPHY http://isites.harvard.edu/fs/html/icb.topic58474/microteaching.html Accessed 15/08/12 Petty, G (2009) Teaching Today a Practical Guide, Nelson Thornes Ltd, Cheltenham

Kants Categorical Imperative Essay -- Philosophy Categorical Imperati

Kant's Categorical Imperative Deontology is the ethical view that some actions are morally forbidden or permitted regardless of consequences. One of the most influential deontological philosophers in history is Immanuel Kant who developed the idea of the Categorical Imperative. Kant believed that the only thing of intrinsic moral worth is a good will. Kant says in his work Morality and Rationality â€Å"The good will is not good because of what it affects or accomplishes or because of it’s adequacy to achieve some proposed end; it is good only because of it’s willing, i.e., it is good of itself†. A maxim is the generalized rule that characterizes the motives for a person’s actions. For Kant, a will that is good is one that is acting by the maxim of doing the right thing because it is right thing to do. The moral worth of an action is determined by whether or not it was acted upon out of respect for the moral law, or the Categorical Imperative. Imperatives in general imply something we ought to do however there is a distinction between categorical imperatives and hypothetical imperatives. Hypothetical imperatives are obligatory so long as we desire X. If we desire X we ought to do Y. However, categorical imperatives are not subject to conditions. The Categorical Imperative is universally binding to all rational creatures because they are rational. Kant proposes three formulations the Categorical Imperative in his Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Moral, the Universal Law formulation, Humanity or End in Itself formulation, and Kingdom of Ends formulation. In this essay, the viablity of the Universal Law formulation is tested by discussing two objections to it, mainly the idea that the moral laws are too absolute and the existence of false positives and false negatives. The first formulation of the Categorical Imperative is defined by Kant to "act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law†. Good moral actions are those of which are motivated by maxims which can be consistently willed that it’s generalized form be a universal law of nature. These maxims are otherwise known as universilizable maxims. Maxims can then be put through the Categorical Imerative test to determine their universilisablility and thus the premissability the maxim. To test a maxim we must ask ourselves whether we can consi... ... Therefore the action of removing all your money from the bank when there is a stock market downturn is immoral according to the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative. The fact that a person cannot withdraw their money from a bank because of moral restraints shows that there are some serious problems with the moral theory at work. The first formulation of the Categorical Imperative â€Å"act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law† seems at face value viable. Nevertheless the lack of guidelines to determine which maxim should be used to describe an action causes problems with the consistency of the Universal Law formulation. Moreover, the abundance of false positives and false negatives suggests a deep problem with the first formulation of the Categorical Imperative that may not be fixable. Works Cited: 1) Feldman, Fred. ‘Kantian Ethics’ in [EBQ] James P Sterba (ed) Ethics: the Big Questions, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998, 185-198. 2) Kant, Immanuel. ‘Morality and Rationality’ in [MPS] 410-429. 3) Rachels, James. The Elements of Moral Philosophy fourth edition. NewYork: McGraw-Hill, 2003.

Some Cannot Forget :: essays research papers

The Vietnam War Purpose: To illustrate my view on the Vietnam War. Audience: Anyone with an interest in the Vietnam War. Some Can't Forget I awaken and bolt upright in bed, my heart racing and sweat beginning to bead on my forehead. My chest heaving with ragged breaths, I try to figure out what startled me out of sleep. Then I hear it: The terrified scream of my father piercing through the eerie silence. My heart skips a beat and I shuffle my feet under the covers, letting them fall off the bed and land on the carpet. I start to push myself up, but then hear my mom's voice slowly drift down the hall as she tries to awaken and comfort my father. "It's okay. You're home. You're okay. It's over." A sigh escapes my lips and I lay back in bed, pull the covers to my neck, and desperately hope to fall back asleep. Another nightmare of the Vietnam War. I could never in my wildest dreams even begin to imagine having to experience something with such controversy and horror. But my father was there and it is still with him today, almost thirty years later. As most people know, there was an extreme amount of debate over the Vietnam War. There were protesters in the streets and marching on the White House lawn, preaching about peace and civil rights. Young men were fleeing to Canada to escape the draft, while others freely volunteered to join the service. Even though the war was in Vietnam, the fighting spirit could be found all over in the cities of the United States. I understand the opposition to the war, because technically it wasn't even our fight. It was, after all, within the country of Vietnam. But the reason we intervened was because the South Vietnamese government asked us to fight the communism that was trying to take them over. While most people knew this, I don't think they fully understood it or even cared. All they knew was that people they loved were being sent off to a foreign country to die. One thing that I really don't understand is the way that the Vietnam veterans were treated after they returned home. These soldiers were fighting for our country, doing their duty to serve and protect. They were not the ones who started the war, so why should they be blamed for it?

Communication Process Paper Essay

Communication process is a very important aspect with the help of which people send messages verbal including sentences, words, and messages nonverbal including physical setting, facial expression, and behavior. Communication patterns have changed because of changing nature of interaction between people. Communication allows business to coordinate and unify common goals. An open communication policy in business where the employees may come to the supervisors and voice his or her likes as well as dislikes. The business will have a workable environment for everyone. As the message passes through this medium, there is noise and which changes the message into something different from what was sent. These are otherwise known as the barriers to effective communication. Noise can be static or anything that distracts from the intended massage. Example, if there a meeting going on in the workplace and two employees are talking in the background. An individual will become distracted of what th e meeting is about. Communication process Paper The climates in most workplace are cool if it is an inside job. So individual may be comfortable communicating with one and another. Some people believe the environment tan make a difference with the way an individual communicate. Communication is vital in the workplace and it the primary means to convey the proper message. Most jobs have shift work and needs to communicate from one shift to another. This may be done by verbal or written in paper. A business climate most likely creates within levels of management and spreads from there. The strength and weakness of any organization are only good or bad as the individuals who work there. If there an open policy where employees can communication with his or her supervisors as they please. This procedure will make the workplace environment workable for everyone. Every employee in the workplace should voice his or her opinion toward the supervisor without been afraid of the outcome. Everyone has some weaknesses and strengths in communication as a result of psychological and personal peculiarities, and every day communication patterns. Verbal written communication is my strength. My weakness is nonverbal communication because in some situations I am not sure what behavior patterns I should follow, for instance, speaking with strangers, or the police. Sometimes I believe cultural or social barriers communicating with others, I have strong verbal communication skills because I spend much time communicating with my friends on the Internet. This way I can communicate with several people at the same time, and save time on phone calls or visiting them. This form of communication is very popular because it transmits information to the individuals and receives reply rapidly. I have good written skills and can clearly express opinion in several sentences. This strength is logical, concise, and informative messages, which help the recipient to grasp the idea at once. Good written skills used in the criminal justice system and other business. Years ago the senior management committee of some business, there strategies for doing everything from changing policies to dealing with employees discussed behind closed doors. Once those decisions made by management, the supervisors were asked to put those decisions into effect. The employees had little to no input on those matters. The employees did as they were told or had to find a new job. Today some management team members listen to what the employees have to say before making a decision on changing the policies. Most business in the present encourages employees to take an active part in their company. The employees who work on production line may know some ways to improve the lines. Some manager may pass out certain type of rewards for his or her ideals. Communication process with employees can be a difficult task. It may take knowing what an individual have to say to communicate in a way to receive desired result. Communications to employees come from several areas within the organization, the director, human resources, the program manager, and other management team. Every employee need to know what is happening within the company. The company will not achieve if the employees are not contribute what expected of him or her. That why a well-organized internal communication strategy required to create the ideal mindset within the company. Reference Communicating Effectively with Employees Retrieved on July 12, 2011 from http://www. learningspaces.njit.edu/Elliot/content/communicating-effectively employee

Jerusalem Crickets, Family Stenopelmatidae

Jerusalem Crickets, Family Stenopelmatidae Seeing a Jerusalem cricket for the first time can be an unsettling experience, even to those who arent prone to entomophobia. They look somewhat like giant, muscular ants with humanoid heads and dark, beady eyes. Although Jerusalem crickets (family Stenopelmatidae) are indeed quite large, theyre generally harmless. We know relatively little about their life history, and many species remain unnamed and undescribed. What Jerusalem Crickets Look Like Did you ever play the board game Cootie as a child? Imagine turning over a rock, and finding a Cootie come to life, staring up at you with a menacing expression! Thats how people often discover their first Jerusalem cricket, so its no surprise that these insects have earned many nicknames, none of them particularly endearing. In the 19th century, people used the expression Jerusalem! as an expletive, and thats believed to be the origin of the common name. People also believed (incorrectly) that these odd insects with human faces were highly venomous and potentially lethal, so they were given nicknames rife with superstition and fear: skull insects, bone neck beetles, old bald-headed man, face of a child, and child of the Earth (Nià ±o de la Tierra in Spanish-speaking cultures). In California, theyre most often called potato bugs, for their habit of nibbling on potato plants. In entomology circles, theyre also called sand crickets or stone crickets. Jerusalem crickets range in length from a respectable 2 cm to an impressive 7.5 cm (about 3 inches) and can weigh as much as 13 g. Most of these flightless crickets are brown or tan in color but have a striped abdomen with alternating bands of black and light brown. Theyre quite plump, with robust abdomens and large, round heads. Jerusalem crickets lack venom glands, but they do have powerful jaws and can inflict a painful bite if mishandled. Some species in Central America and Mexico can jump to flee from danger. When they reach sexual maturity (adulthood), males can be differentiated by females by the presence of a pair of black hooks at the tip of the abdomen, between the cerci. On an adult female, youll find the ovipositor, which is darker on the underside and located below the cerci. How Jerusalem Crickets Are Classified Kingdom – AnimaliaPhylum – ArthropodaClass – InsectaOrder – OrthopteraFamily - Stenopelmatidae What Jerusalem Crickets Eat Jerusalem crickets feed on organic matter in the soil, both living and dead. Some may scavenge, while others are thought to hunt other arthropods. Jerusalem crickets also practice cannibalism on occasion, particularly when confined together in captivity. Females will often eat their male partners after consummating the relationship (much like the sexual cannibalism of female praying mantids, which is better known). The Life Cycle of  Jerusalem Crickets   Like all of the Orthoptera, Jerusalem crickets undergo incomplete or simple metamorphosis. The mated female oviposits eggs a few inches deep in the soil. Young nymphs usually appear in the fall, less often in the spring. After molting, the nymph eats the cast skin to recycle its precious minerals. Jerusalem crickets require perhaps a dozen molts, and almost two full years to reach adulthood. In some species or climates, they may need up to three years to complete the life cycle. Special Behaviors of  Jerusalem Crickets   Jerusalem crickets will wave their spiny hind legs in the air to repel any perceived threats. Their concern is not without merit, because most predators cant resist such a fat, easy-to-catch insect. They are an important source of nutrition for bats, skunks, foxes, coyotes, and other animals. Should a predator manage to yank its leg loose, the Jerusalem cricket nymph can regenerate the missing limb over successive molts. During courtship, both male and female Jerusalem crickets drum their abdomens to call receptive mates. The sound travels through the soil and can be heard via special auditory organs on the crickets legs. Where Jerusalem Crickets  Live In the U.S., Jerusalem crickets inhabit western states, especially those along the Pacific Coast. Members of the family Stenopelmatidae are also well established in Mexico and Central America and are sometimes found as far north as British Columbia. They seem to prefer habitats with damp, sandy soils, but can be found from coastal dunes to cloud forests. Some species are restricted to such limited dune systems that they may warrant special protection, lest their habitat be adversely impacted by human activities. Sources: Jerusalem Crickets (Orthoptera, Stenopelmatidae), by David B. Weissman, Amy G. Vandergast, and Norihimo Ueshima. From Encyclopedia of Entomology, edited by John L. Capinera.Borror and DeLongs Introduction to the Study of Insects, 7th edition, by Charles A. Triplehorn and Norman F. Johnson.BACKYARD MONSTERS? NOPE, JERUSALEM CRICKETS!, by Arthur V. Evans, Whats Bugging You?. Accessed March 4, 2013.Family Stenopelmatidae - Jerusalem Crickets, Bugguide.net. Accessed March 4, 2013.Jerusalem Crickets, California Academy of Sciences. Accessed March 4, 2013.Jerusalem Cricket, San Diego Museum of Natural History. Accessed March 4, 2013.

African American Heritage In Chicago Essays - United States

African American Heritage In Chicago Essays - United States African American Heritage In Chicago A History of African American Heritage in Chicago The massive exodus to the north began in 1915; a population of people weary of pervasive hostility and constraint in their former lives, fleeing a social system comprised of miserable oppression and repeated violence. The primary cities for resettlement became New York and Chicago, metropolises humming with the vigor of big-city life and the excitement of a new beginning. When the Chicago Commission asked African American migrants in interviews on Race Relations in 1922 why they came to Chicago, responses were similar. Im looking for better wages. I wanted to get away from the South, and to earn more money. I wanted to better my living conditions. One man, when asked what his first impression of Chicago was, responded When I got here and got on the street cars and saw colored people sitting by white people all over the car I just held my breath, for I thought that any minute they would start something, then I saw nobody noticed it, and I just thought this was a real place for colored people. And life was good; if not ideal it was better than the disparaging environment of their prior residence in the South. This migration coincided with the War. Job opportunities sprang up everywhere as demand increased for more goods and services, and suddenly in 1920 the Negro population of Chicago had soared from 44,103 in 1915 to 109,594. The Illinois Central Railroad brought hundreds on free transportation, on the premise that they would employ their company. The Negro employment rate skyrocketed; the most popular jobs lying within the iron foundries, food products manufacturing, the tanneries, and the mail order industry. The majority of blacks coming from the south settled in a limited area known as the South Side. Named the black belt of the city, it was the most concentrated area of the African American population of the time. The difficulty of finding residence in the other parts of the city and the abundance of vacant houses aided in this settlement of the South Side. However, as deep-seated racial prejudice was still running rampant throughout the nation, loud protests erupted and whites quickly abandoned residential areas populated by blacks. Underlying racial hostility between blacks and whites was unfortunately gaining momentum. On July 27, 1919, this animosity was demonstrated in a terrible week of rioting beginning with the drowning of African-American youth Eugene Williams off a Lake Michigan beach. This event was a catalyst for a weeklong violent, bloody warfare. As black workers walked or rode the streetcars west and arrived to begin their shifts at the Stockyards, they were met by angry mobs of white gangs and workers, who attacked them mercilessly and drove them off. The mobs were beyond control. African American community members armed themselves and prepared to defend themselves and their homes against armed white gangs who tore into their neighborhood. The end of the week concluded in death tolls of 23 blacks and 15 whites, 157 persons being injured. The Chicago Commission on Race Relations was established soon after these staggering race riots, to study the roots and causes of the conflict. Their report on Chicago in 1992, with interviews of hundreds of black Chicago citizens, provided an insightful window into the race problem in the North, which attention was being drawn to due to the Great Migration. States the Chicago Commission on Race Relations in the document The Negro in Chicago, Both races need to understand that their rights and duties are mutual and equal, and that their interests in the common good are identical: that relations of amity are the only protection against race clashes; that these relations cannot be forced, but will come naturally as the leaders of each race develop within their own ranks a realization of the gravity of this problem and a vital interest in its solution, and an attitude of confidence, respect, and friendliness toward the people of the other race. The conflicts between blacks and whites have since subsided a great amount, but residue from the memories of violence and hatred still prevails. It will be a momentous day when we can be united

The Availability of Condoms in Middle and High Schools Essays

The Availability of Condoms in Middle and High Schools Essays The Availability of Condoms in Middle and High Schools Essay The Availability of Condoms in Middle and High Schools Essay but we need to accept the reality that it is happening. Abstinence is the only 100 percent effective way to prevent STD’s and unwanted pregnancies. For years the public school systems have been teaching our children thru sexual education that abstinence is the answer. â€Å"Don’t have sex until marriage. † â€Å"Sex should wait, you’re worth it†. , As part of welfare reform Congress passed legislation in 1996 allocating $50 million in federal funds for abstinence only until marriage programs which censor information about

Metropolitan Growth in Canada 1991-2001 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metropolitan Growth in Canada 1991-2001 - Essay Example In actual sense, Montreal and Toronto alone received 60% of new incomers into the cities’ demographic structures. In the 1991 census, Toronto and Montreal had a cumulative population of approximately 7 million members. In 1996, the population rose by 6.4% to approximately 7.87 million people. Other cities which accommodated more than 1 million people in 1991, 1996 and 2001 census include Calgary and Edmonton, both in the district of Alberta. In addition, Ottawa, which lies at the south eastern district of Quebec, accommodated approximately 1.2 million people. These urban centers comprise of members deriving their ancestral roots from different ethnic backgrounds. Montreal comprised mainly of European and African immigrants while Toronto and Vancouver accommodates majority of Asian immigrants. According to Simmons and Larry (2003), the ethnic difference of a city’s population plays a significant role in determining the key economic activity adopted by citizens. In this c ase, immigrants from Europe have substantial economic strength and financial capabilities compared to African immigrants. In this case, Europeans in Montreal lives in the inner-city neighborhoods with high social status. On the other hand, African immigrants tend to reside on the outskirt characterized with affordable housings and cheap social amenities. With respect to ethnic and social differences, economic activities and educational achievements influence the population level of incomes; hence the observed employment patterns across the society. However, the general increase in Canada’s urban population influences the rate of employment. The changing patterns on Canada’s population seem to exert substantial influence on the nation’s economic and social aspects. According to the bulletin research article, the observed trends within different cities are playing a role in creating new forms of divides within the society. Simmons and Larry (2003) states that some of the notable trends in social and economic aspect of the society include patterns of employment rate as compared to population growth over a period of ten years. Statistics obtained from census results shows different trends in respective cities, all of which falls under the list of 25 most populated metropolitan areas in Canada. According to Simmons and Larry (2003), emerging differences in economic strengths across the population determines the general welfare of Canadians, especially on aspects like health, living styles and housing environment. Continued degradation of economic patterns may lead to worsening of the general health welfare and society’s well-being. On the other hand, improvement of economic activities, which translates to positive changes in employment patterns, leads to a healthy society with decent and affordable housing. In an effort to objectively determine the relationship between population growth and employment rates, we will acknowledge the stati stical element of correlation coefficient. Prior to appraising its application, we will evaluate the actual change in population and corresponding shifts in employment rates among members of the selected urban areas. As an illustration, statistics shows that in a period of five years, Quebec’s city of St John experienced a 1.28% increase in its population. However, the population increase received a corresponding increase in employment rate by approximately 9 percent. On the other han

Sonoco Products Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sonoco Products Company - Essay Example It is evident from the study that to become globally competitive in its industry and ensuring the reduction of functions’ cost by 20% or significantly $2.8 million were the primary reasons of Sonoco’s new CEO Harris DeLoach in mandating Cindy Hartley, senior vice president of human resources (HR), to go for alternative restructuring of HR. This significantly is in line with the new CEO’s goal to control companywide cost to support a new business model that is expected to compete in the global setting and would ensure the top-line growth of the said company. It is in line with this that Hartley is faced with two alternative organisational structures for HR, the centralization and hybrid. In either of them, Sonoco’s CEO is concerned with the corresponding cost to be incurred. On the other hand, in either of them, Hartley would be more concerned on meeting three essential objectives in the HR such as the following (quoted from the case): 1. To increase GM’s accountability for talent management. 2. To distribute HR talent and support more evenly across the company’s divisions and make HR systems and process consistent. 3. To optimise HR’s ability to provide customized, strategic support to the GM’s businesses. It is important to implement strategies to meet these objectives considering the fact that the packaging industry was facing major transformation due to evident tough competition. Key players were looking forward to look for their competitive advantage. For instance, heavy manufacturing moved from the United States to countries like China and India where a substantially low labor cost could be possible. Moreover, many firms from the US started to invest outside the country. In addition, packaging companies essentially were able to draw on the full potential of emerging technologies and application of innovative tools. Most importantly, companies learned to appreciate the importance of reducing the initial-packaging-concept-to-market-delivery cycle just like in the case of Hershey which originally relied on hundreds of packaging suppliers but decided to reduce them into 20 by the end of 1990s. These were substantial reasons that Sonoco should consider to formulate effective strategies in order to stay in its business. As a result, Sonoco decided to consider being more attentive to the needs of the end consumer by the late 1990s and not only to the needs of Gillette, Kraft, Nestle and Procter and Gamble. These companies were actually also looking forward to the needs of their customers and what necessarily attracted them. Between 1998 and 2008, customers significantly viewed packaging as more influential than advertising. Thus, it was for this reason that Sonoco should potentially create a move to consider not only the needs of its primary customers but the end customer as a whole just to be able to create the right response in the ongoing trend in its entire market industry. In this paper, the proponent tries to create an important link between the prevailing events in Sonoco’s industry and its eventual moves in the midst of them most specifically from the point of view of its human resources. Diagnosis Unfortunately for Sonoco, talent was not viewed as a corporate resource. Furthermore, compensations were not viewed as costs in need of control or tools that can drive behavior. These are some of the problems faced by Sonoco as impacts of its contemporary organisational structures for HR.

Plan 9 from outer space(1959) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plan 9 from outer space(1959) - Essay Example s a powerful seer, whose predictions are beastly and terrible about reading his cue cards, he amazes viewers with his strange and incomprehensible predictions and monologues. Bela Lugosi died of a heart attack just a few days into the films shooting, but still appears in various scenes having assumed different shapes and forms. Gregory Walcott can be described as a pilot, hero, and Paulas husband, who courageously battles aliens and survives between his duties as a pilot. He is one person who never takes any lip from an alien, and will always punch first and later asks questions. Mona McKinnon, Gregory’s wife, is always quick to serve coffee and fast on her feet. Moreover, she possesses a brevity character. As she races through the cemetery land, Paula never surrenders the fight against the living people. Duke Moore is perfect when it comes to handling a firearm. However, he is also an intelligent investigator, as he helps uncover whoever is responsible for Inspector Clay†™s death. Maila Nurmi took her role in this film after her television series was cancelled, but on one condition: she would not be required to speak as the mission was already accomplished. Dudley Manlove, a solarbonite expert, will be more than happy to explain to the viewers how it works (The Monster Shack). Tor Johnson, who is described as super Swedish angel, rises from the dead, having a minor challenge in climbing out of his grave. Many people remember and also describe him as a gentle giant with a golden heart despite his intimidating appearance. Joanne Lee is also in the quest to conquering the Earth, while being beneficial for only advancing her race. Tom Keene is the head of "Saucer Field Activity"; Tom takes the fight against the aliens after they have destroyed a small town. John Breckinridge plays the role of the leader, which he does with a lot of vigor and skill (Angry Candy). An old man (Bela Lugosi), a resident of California, mourns the death of his wife (Vampire) and,

Cultural film analysis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural film analysis - Movie Review Example lls on the early years of culture and education leading to establishment of parochial, monastic and cathedral schools as well as universities of the Middle Ages (Daniel-Rops 5). In the movie, Johanna was the third child of a village priest and a converted heathen wife. The opening scene immediately showed anti-feminist bias, as the father angrily refused herbal medicine to alleviate his wife’s birth pains due to his belief that â€Å"in sorrow, thou (woman) shall give birth.† As she grew up, Johanna was not allowed education since only boys were taught reading and writing. Through self-learning, however, the intellectually gifted Johanna not only showed skill in reading and writing, but in interpreting Latin Bible verses as well. Catching her reading a Greek manuscript, Johanna’s father meted her a brutal lashing, even as he had once grossly raped his wife for teaching Johanna some heathen methods of natural healing. Upon recommendation of an admiring traveling schoolmaster, Johanna gained unprecedented admission to study in the bishop’s schoolhouse for boys. Gerald, a knight in the bishop’s court, provided her a home until she grew to maidenhood, resulting in the jealous wife of Gerald arranging Johanna’s betrothal to a young man against her will. The wedding was cut short by an attack by Norsemen bandits. Historical research shows that the event is reasonable, since there are historical accounts of pagan Norsemen pillaging territories in Frankish empire to add to the disorder of the times (Boak, Slosson and Anderson 180-181). Johanna escaped death by the plundering Norsemen, although she had to disguise herself as a man in order to gain entry in a monastery. As a monk, she saved villagers from an epidemic but had to again escape to avoid disclosure of her disguise by fellow monks. She was cared for by villagers, but not wanting to be tied down to a village life, Johanna to ok a pilgrimage to Rome again disguised as a man. In Rome

Diversity Training in Organizations Research Paper

Diversity Training in Organizations - Research Paper Example versity training, the step by step discussion creates awareness of what the topic entails and informs the reader on the reasons as to why and how diversity training should be embraced. To have in-depth information, the paper has obtained relevant information from available books and scholarly articles. Even though diversity training is much applicable to current organizations, there are many challenges that have not been resolved thus it acts as detrimental a diverse group in a work environment. Whichever the case, organizations ought to appreciate the diverse nature of employees. Diversity has been a developing conception. The term specifically focuses on an individual through societal assemble. According to Kreitz, â€Å"many current writers define diversity as any significant differences that distinguishes one individual from another- a description that encompasses a broad range of overt and hidden qualities† (2007, p. 2). Discrimination in any workforce can be discouraging. It is the aim of any business to eradicate any form of discrimination within the workforce and create an environment that appreciates diversity (Awang, Shafie & Pearl, n.d.). It is quite important knowing that diversity does not necessarily cause differences. Gopta’s definition of diversity says it all â€Å"diversity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing & celebrating differences among people with respect to age, and ethnicity, and gender, physical & mental ability † (2013, p. 36). Organizations are forced to use varied ways of managing diversity. Training is one of the strategies and it varies from one organization to the other. The definition given by an organization depends on how it understands diversity. The workforce diversity has become a major force in the working environment and has called for an immediate focus. Douglas observes that it has become necessary to have diversity initiatives to handle the demographic shift (2007). Diversity training

Cultural film analysis Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Cultural film analysis - Movie Review Example lls on the early years of culture and education leading to establishment of parochial, monastic and cathedral schools as well as universities of the Middle Ages (Daniel-Rops 5). In the movie, Johanna was the third child of a village priest and a converted heathen wife. The opening scene immediately showed anti-feminist bias, as the father angrily refused herbal medicine to alleviate his wife’s birth pains due to his belief that â€Å"in sorrow, thou (woman) shall give birth.† As she grew up, Johanna was not allowed education since only boys were taught reading and writing. Through self-learning, however, the intellectually gifted Johanna not only showed skill in reading and writing, but in interpreting Latin Bible verses as well. Catching her reading a Greek manuscript, Johanna’s father meted her a brutal lashing, even as he had once grossly raped his wife for teaching Johanna some heathen methods of natural healing. Upon recommendation of an admiring traveling schoolmaster, Johanna gained unprecedented admission to study in the bishop’s schoolhouse for boys. Gerald, a knight in the bishop’s court, provided her a home until she grew to maidenhood, resulting in the jealous wife of Gerald arranging Johanna’s betrothal to a young man against her will. The wedding was cut short by an attack by Norsemen bandits. Historical research shows that the event is reasonable, since there are historical accounts of pagan Norsemen pillaging territories in Frankish empire to add to the disorder of the times (Boak, Slosson and Anderson 180-181). Johanna escaped death by the plundering Norsemen, although she had to disguise herself as a man in order to gain entry in a monastery. As a monk, she saved villagers from an epidemic but had to again escape to avoid disclosure of her disguise by fellow monks. She was cared for by villagers, but not wanting to be tied down to a village life, Johanna to ok a pilgrimage to Rome again disguised as a man. In Rome

Language developmental pathways in middle school age Essay

Language developmental pathways in middle school age - Essay Example Middle school level education is an important factor which influences language and communication skills. Middle schools are schools that group students between the ages of 10 and 14. In some parts of the country, children from fifth to ninth grades are grouped together; in other parts, seventh- and eighth-graders are in one school. One of the most common middle school arrangements groups children from sixth to eighth grades.   As children grow they experience physical, intellectual, and emotional changes. The way they learn, feel, see the world, and relate to other people becomes different from when they were younger. It is from this age that a strong foundation for communication skill must be provided. Most parents feel Parents feel that athletics can teach their youngsters how to compete with others and also how to function as part of a team. There is, however, another activity which can help young children learn to be part of a team but which places less emphasis on competition and which is, in addition, less gender specific than athletics. That activity is debate. Debate is one of the ways that boosts up communication skills and way of expressing one’s views authentically. The main aims of conducting debates are enhancements of critical thinking, academic advancement and development and promotion of communication skills. A single topic is distributed among two or more groups in which some groups support the topic while the others would oppose it by expressing their views on that topic. Sodikaw (1985) believes that debate helps students develop the emotional maturity to win and lose graciously; acquire the social skills necessary to work with a colleague and compete against other students; and use spoken English in an increasingly sophisticated way. Huston (1985) stresses that the student should be encouraged to become adaptable to many different styles of communication. McClain (1989) argues that debate should be seen as a cooperative rather than a competitive endeavor. Some educators feel that debate should become more audience centered and focused on community issues rather than on tournaments (Stepp, 1989). Many college students who are involved in debate feel that the emphasis on tournament debating makes them too argumentative in everyday life. For younger children, a focus on developing communication skills rather than on competition in debate fosters attitudes of open-mindedness, fairness, and tolerance for the viewpoints of others. (Atwater, 1984) . The other way would be conducting speeches courses. A topic would be given and the student would be asked to prepare on it and deliver the speech. This not only increases knowledge regarding the topic but also removes

Video game controversy Essay Example for Free

Video game controversy Essay â€Å"In 2008, 298. 2 million video games were sold in the US, totaling $11. 7 billion in revenue. Six of the top ten best-selling video games included violence, with four of the games carrying a Mature rating recommended for persons aged 17 and older. † However, violent video games are becoming a serious issue due to increases in bullying, violence toward women and school shootings. Although, many individuals will claim that video games are just an easy accessibility to express oneself, there have been thousands of researches worldwide hoping to find the relations, threats, and even benefits transferred from violent video games to the gamers. In fact, some of the â€Å"most focused on† studies force to claim that playing violent video games does present a threat to a user’s psychological health which leads the gamer to aggressive(dangerous) behavior, increases social isolation, and should be prevented from purchase by minors. â€Å"Physical aggression† is defined as behavior intended to harm another person physically. Organizations such as the Journal of the American academy of Pediatrics, the American Psychiatric Association, and the American Psychological Association have actually been focusing on video games and the ties they have with physical aggression. The American Psychological Association concludes that adolescents who play video games may become increasingly aggressive over time(Yee 454). Several other studies have come to identify a cause/effect relationship between dangerous aggression and violent video games. Obviously, many gamers are not displaying much physical aggression personally while they are blowing the brains out of the â€Å"bad guys. † However, as many researchers proclaim, â€Å"Exposing children and adolescents to violent visual media increases the likelihood that they will engage in physical aggression against another person†(Anderson 445). With that stated, as the gamer may not be exploiting physical aggression at the time playing the violent video game, that individual has a high risk of absorbing similar aggressive characteristics especially after playing the game repeatedly. Along with an expected increase of physical aggression, many researchers believe that, â€Å"Media violence also produces an emotional desensitization to aggression and violence†(446). A gamer that is newly introduced to the genre of violent video games may become less sensitive or emotionally unresponsive toward violence as exposure to such genre increases and repeated game play occurs. According to James Gee, â€Å"Game players are active problem solvers who do not see mistakes as errors, but as opportunities for improvement. Players search for newer, better solutions to problems and challenges†(451). Besides all of the negative opinions on violent video games and straight from the text, â€Å"A recent Texas AM International study shows that violent games could actually reduce violent tendencies and could be used as a therapy tool for teens and young adults† (Greenberg 456-7). The majority of teens are students, occasionally have emotional stress, or just plainly need to relieve stress and to many the best way to do so is by pulling out the new Grand Theft Auto. Violence portrayed in video games—similar to reality or not—is thought of to â€Å"help children with difficult feelings such as powerlessness and fear of real violence†(Greenberg 456). Similarly, with no direct relationship, cigarette smoking is not a sufficient cause of lung cancer; although it is a cause that is closely related. Physical aggression may be increased with the direct use of violent video games, just as the risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer increases for the individual who smokes a cigarette. However, the list of risk factors in order to develop lung cancer stretches far beyond than just the cigarette; and even the one that does smoke may be in healthy shape for the majority of a lifetime. With that stated, video games are just one of many possible risk factors of physical aggression and may not exactly be supported with sufficient evidence to claim high levels of physical aggression resulted from violent video games. According to Anderson, â€Å"There are many causal risk factors involved in the development of a person who frequently behaves in an aggressive or violent manner. There are biological factors, family factors, neighborhood factors, and so on†(446). But regardless of how many other risk factors are present in a youth’s life, playing a lot of violent games is likely to increase the frequency and the aggression, both in the short term and over time as the youth grows up(Anderson 446). No matter if the physical aggression in a gamer of the violent genre is extreme or does not seem to pose a serious threat, the physical aggression does exist and can risk increasing as the violent games are being played more. Repeated consumption of violent video games â€Å"create more positive attitudes, beliefs, and expectations regarding aggressive solutions to interpersonal problems†(446). Youth are becoming to conclude that physical aggression is acceptable, and rather normal. Well over 100 experienced researchers, scientists, and scholars worldwide follow a statement which says: â€Å"Overall, the research data conclude that exposure to violent video games causes an increase in the likelihood of aggressive behavior. The effects are both immediate and long term. Violent video games have also been found to increase aggressive thinking, aggressive feelings, physiological desensitization to violence, and to decrease pro-social behavior. † Researchers and critics have expressed concerns about appropriate socialization and even addiction of young people who spend too much time alone, staring at a screen. Playing violent video games does present a threat to a user’s psychological health in which it increases social isolation. Before video games became such entertainment, more physical activity and social interactions with other individuals was a priority in search for easy entertainment. According to the website, Buzzle, referring to socialization and video games, â€Å"Social isolation can be an immediate consequence of continuous and ceaseless gaming. People, especially children, tend to spend lesser time with their friends and others because they want to get back home and continue playing. This makes them aloof from others and so in the long-run lack abilities of social communication and develop a kind of anthropophobiafear of human company†(Web). Children and teens may also come across confusion about reality and fiction. Being addicted anything, including violent video games, can place a burden on one’s social life. The ability for frequent playing gamers to witness certain realities of the world become limited and the amount of individuals the gamer interacts with eventually decreases; which leads to social isolation. Almost 60 percent of frequent gamers play with friends. Thirty-three perscent play with siblings and 25 percent play with spouses or parents. Even games designed for single players are often played socially(Jenkins 451). With percentages fairly medium, social isolation does not look as if it is as big a factor as expected. Although, gamers are not always socially interacting, social bonding makes up a major part of the controlled play. Many games, such as Call of Duty, allow access to a headset which allows individuals to socially interact with one another while playing the game. Also, about 40% of all user time on Facebook is spent playing social games, where Facebook is designed to socially interact with friends and family on a social networking site. According to Jane McGonigal, â€Å"Games make it easy to build stronger social bonds with our friends and family. Studies show that we like and trust someone better after we play a game with them—even if they beat us†(465). Even though Facebook is considered a social networking site, playing social games on the site does not exactly relate to the correct form of social interaction that is necessary to be correct. Also, just because you can talk through headset and socially interact; you are not exactly familiar with the individual speaking to you. In result, certain fears may lead to transformation in social awkwardness due to decrease of face to face contact in replace with a headset and other gamers sitting in front of their screen. Games may make it easy to build stronger social bonds, however, adding an intense amount of violence can result in different mood changes in gamers due to personal opinions on acts performed by other gamers. With a change in social behavior; friendships, family members, peers and other individuals may diagnose a problem with the gamer and consider violent video games to be a direct result of social isolation. Is it considered constitutional if an American citizen gets limited rights under the First Amendment? Playing violent video games does present a threat to a user’s psychological health and should be prevented from purchase by minors. However, Supreme Court judicial and other government officials have to decide if prohibition of violent video games to minors is interfering with the individual’s right to the First Amendment—which basically allows American citizens to have freedom of specific categories. The harmful effects on minors from playing violent video games are documented and seriously contested(Yee 454). States such as California are already attempting to make laws in which sell of violent video games to minors is prohibited just to protect children from the harmful effects of excessively violent video games. Prohibiting the sale of violent video games to minors will assist in preventing unnecessary risk factors resulted from video games. As teens short of the required age cannot watch ‘R-rated’ movies, they should not be granted the ability to control a version of realism that is similar to â€Å"real-life† on a screen in front of your face. Within the First Amendment rights are rights of speech, press, and political freedom. â€Å"To strip First Amendment free speech protection from video games that ‘lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value for minors,†(Greenberg 455) is just absurd and objecting against one’s constitutional rights. Besides preventing the sale of violent video games to minors just going against the First Amendment, some stores may stop carrying Mature-rated games. Game publishers might be afraid to finance them. Developers would not know how to avoid triggering censorship because even the creator of such laws do not seem to know(456). Government bureaucrats are not fully equipped to â€Å"divine the artistic value that a video game has for a 17-year old. † Excitingly, many researchers believe that parents should gain more authority in the types of games or media the child absorbs or chooses to interact with. Instead of the gaming industry being responsible for the outcomes of critic reviews, and research studies; the children’s parents should take much more responsibility on anything absorbed, taught, or knowledge received by child. The people allowed to limit minor’s free speech rights are his parents or guardian(s)(456). As stated by Yee, â€Å"I am hopeful that a majority of justices will agree that parents—not retailers or game makers—should determine which games are appropriate for kids†(454). As Greenberg proclaims at the end of his passage, â€Å"Even when video games contain violence, and even when the players are minors whose parents let them play games with violence, picking up that game controller is a form of expression, and it should be free†(457). â€Å"It makes no sense to bar children from buying a picture of a naked woman but to allow them to buy video games that portray gratuitous torture†(Yee 454). There are several laws or rules that prevent us from reaching desired expectations due to physical reactions, age, and maturity level, to say the least. If a minor is prohibited from the sale of pornography due to social morals and personal ineligibilities, then one should receive tougher access to the available consumption of violent video games. The prevention to contribute those games to minors is a hopeful act to will not only ensure that parents make such decisions, but will help protect our children in the years to come. Yee claims, â€Å"That since the government can ‘prohibit the sale of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, driver’s licenses and pornography to minors’ then ‘that same reasoning applies in the foundation and enactment’ of his law restricting video games. There is a certain age until finally eligible to legally purchase weapons, alcoholic beverages, tobacco, sexual accessories, tattoos, and the list goes on. The more progressed and difficult the violent video games are becoming are being critiqued extremely precise, and actually portraying very similar to realistic visuals. With prevention of sales to minors, unnecessary confusion between psychological health in minors and violent video games will be limited and nearly eliminated; leaving open window of individuals that gain access to violent video games with prohibition to sell to minors. Do violent video games present a threat to the gamers’ psychological health? Although several studies have left many conclusions unanswered; hundreds of researchers, scientists and scholars have worked together and individually to allow the correct information behind the true relationship of violent video games and the gamers’ psychological health. Playing violent video games does present a threat to user’s psychological health in which it leads to aggressive behavior, increases social isolation, and should be prevented from purchase by minors. Works Cited Anderson, Craig A. â€Å"Violent Video Games and Other Media Violence. † Writing Arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Ed. Lauren A. Finn. New Jersey: Saddle River, 2012. 445-6. Print. D’Silva, Roy. â€Å"Negative Effects of Video Games. † Buzzle. 10 Oct 2012. Web. 2 Mar 2013. Greenberg, Daniel. â€Å"Why the Supreme Court Should Rule that Violent Video Games are Free Speech. † Writing Arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Ed. Lauren A. Finn. New Jersey: Saddle River, 2012. 454-7. Print. Jenkins, Henry. â€Å"Reality Bytes: Eight Myths about video Games Debunked. † Writing Arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Ed. Lauren A. Finn. New Jersey: Saddle River, 2012. 449-452. Print. McGonigal, Jane. â€Å"Be a Gamer, Save the World. † Writing Arguments. : a rhetoric with readings. Ed. Lauren A. Finn. New Jersey: Saddle River, 2012. 464-6. Print. ProCon. org. Do violent video games contribute to youth violence? ProCon. org. 29 Mar 2011. Web. 2 Mar 2013. Yee, Leland Y. â€Å"Parents Should be able to Control What Kids Watch. † Writing Arguments: a rhetoric with readings. Ed. Lauren A. Finn. New Jersey: Saddle River, 2012. 453-4. Print.

Electronic Project Management System Project in Construction

Electronic Project Management System Project in Construction Introduction Construction is one of the most complicated industries in the world. It engages in many kind of industries and processes to complete the building project. Therefore, construction also needs to use project management methodology to manage the project. Nowadays, information technology is a very useful tool to help the business. Construction also use much information technology to helping in the building processes, therefore, a construction company would like to implement a electronic project management system to manage the building processes. In this electronic project management system project, it would like to choose the PRINCE2 instead of PMP for the project management methodology. We would like to compare those methodologies and suggest the most suitable one for the similar case in construction industry. We have many project management methodologies in the world but it is difficult to choose one for special project. We will use PRINCE 2 to compare with PMP in several areas. Prince 2 â€Å"PRINCE† is a project management methodology and it is stand for PRojects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE). PRINCE2 is the second version of this methodology and it is a registered trademark of the Office of Government Commerce (OGC) of UK. PRINCE2 is widely in use by UK government and other company in UK. PRINCE2 is a structure project management methodology for different kind of project, not only for Information Technology. Pmbok â€Å"PMBOK† also is a project management methodology and it is stand for â€Å"Project Management Book of Knowledge†. PMBOK is a guide of best practice in a project and it is published by PMI (Project Management Institute). PMBOK is widely in use in the world but not only in US or North America. PMP (Project Management Professional) is a well known certificate for the PMBOK. You could use PMBOK standard in different kind of industry that runs a project. Project Life-cycle based versus Knowledge Area based In PRINCE2, it has clearly defined the project life-cycle in eight main processes as follows, l Starting up a project (SU) l Directing a project (DU) l Initiating a project (IP) l Managing stage boundaries (SB) l Controlling a stage (CS) l Managing product delivery (MP) l Closing a project (CP) l Planning (PL) Each of the main process has its sub-process and totally in 45 processes with their own documentation. Compare with PRINCE2, PMBOK has discuss in nine functional based knowledge area rather than use project life-cycle, l Project integration management l Project scope management l Project time management l Project cost management l Project quality management l Project human resource management l Project communications management l Project risk management l Project procurement management Each of the knowledge area has its sub-process and totally in 42 processes. It seems PRINCE2 has well defined the project life-cycle than PMBOK. PRINCE2 has defined easy to follow procedure, checklists and hints for project manager to use through the project life-cycle. PMBOK mainly discuss the skills, tools and techniques in the nine knowledge areas. In PRINCE2, the project life-cycle is not starting from the needs or feasibility study. In PRINCE2 manual stated â€Å"Most of what in PRINCE2 terms will be stages will be divisions of ‘implementation in the product life span.† Therefore, PRINCE2 is more likely to be implementation methodology than project management methodology. PMBOK recognize any projects needs the assessment and feasibility study before the project start. It is more likely is a project management methodology. Documentation In PRINCE2, it has heavily on documentation. PRINCE2 has described thirty-six standard management documents such as plans and reports that are involved through the whole methodology. Acceptance Criteria, â€Å"A definition in measurable terms of the characteristics required of the final product(s)for it/them to the customers and staff who will be affected.† It seems to be provided by the project management team and written during the project starting and it should be a mandatory documentation in the project. Communication Plan, â€Å"To define all parties interested in the project. It contains a description of the means and frequency of communication between them and the project team.† It is a document stated all interest parties, what information is required, how often is the communication and the method. It is to be provided by the project management team and written during the project starting for future as a communication roadmap. End Project Report, â€Å"This report is the Project Managers report to the Project Board (who may pass it on to corporate or programme management) on how well the project has performed against its Project Initiation Document.† This report should provided by the Project Manager and written during the Closing a Project stage. Also, it is a mandatory document in the project. Issue Log, It is use to record all issues raised in the project those need to take attention. It may include any concern in the project or any requirement out of the project scope the need of the change of scope. â€Å"Project issues may be raised by anyone associated with the project at any time.† In PRINCE2, the issue log is a mandatory document in the controlling project stage. It should has access control and kept in a safe place Lesson Learned Log, â€Å"To be a repository of any lesson learned during the project that can be usefully applied to other projects.† It should be written at the closing stage of the project and it may be a mandatory document to act as a â€Å"Learning Library† for future use. Project Mandate, â€Å"The information in the Mandate is used to trigger Starting up a Project(SU). It should contain sufficient information to identify at least the prospective Executive of the Project Board and indicate the subject matter of the project.† It should come from the Project committee that can approve the cost, the project and any resources. It also is a mandatory document in the project starting stage. Except the â€Å"Lesson Learned Log†, those documents are not discussed and mentioned in the PMBOK. It seems PMBOK is discussing on the project management skills and techniques more than the documentation. Schedule And Planning In PRINCE2, it is more focus on the project goal or objective to be delivered and the quality. It is using some common techniques or tools such as Gantt Chart, Pert Chart or any other method in the Planning (PL) stage. PRINCE2 introduce several steps in the planning stage. Firstly, create a Product Breakdown Structure (PBS). Secondly, write down the Product Description. Finally, create the Product Flow Diagram. PRINCE2 has provided examples and defined clearly in each step what is the project manager should do. It has provided an easy to follow instruction for the project manager to manage the project. In PMBOK, planning is a general skill in the project management. It also applied to each project phase and through the whole project life-cycle. Also, PMBOK will use Gantt Chart or Pert Chart for the project planning and tracking. However, project planning in PMBOK always discussing in different knowledge areas and it seems across and integrated through the whole project. Control In Project Management In PRINCE2, according to the materials, control is talking about the decision making by the project management team. It is targeting to produce the project goal, fulfill the defined project quality condition, meet the project schedule, cost and resources planned and to deal with any crisis it may rose in the project life-cycle to complete the project. As mention at above, it is the responsibility of the project manager. PRINCE2 has defined very clearly between â€Å"Tolerance†, â€Å"Contingency† and â€Å"Change Control†. â€Å"Tolerance is the permissible deviation from a plan without bringing the deviation to the attention of the next higher authority.† Tolerance for the project manager is needed because there has no any project will run as hundred percent as planned in the world even the project manager with a good plan. â€Å"Contingency, in PRINCE2 terms, is a budget including the time and money set aside to carry out a contingency plan which will only be invoked in a linked risk actually occurs.† Contingency plan is needed in the project because the any project has some critical accident issue to cause the project fail. â€Å"Change Control, the control of change means the assessment of the impact of potential changes, their importance, their cost and a judgmental decision by management on whether to include them or not.†[14] In any project, change is inevitable but it need to under control and approved to ensure the project could meet the schedule and budget. IN PMBOK, control is discussed in several knowledge areas. As change control, it is discuss in â€Å"Project Integrated Management† Like the schedule and planning, control is always to be discuss in the several knowledge areas through the whole project life-cycle. Conclusion As a project management methodology, PRINCE2 and PMBOK have very different approaches for project management. It is because both methodologies serve in different areas. Therefore, they cannot directly to do the comparison. PMBOK, it demonstrates the best method for teaching the project management skills and techniques in each knowledge area, but it did not provide an effective guidance or examples for running a project. Compare with PMBOK, PRINCE2 use a project life-cycle base method to demonstrate its methodology is difficult to judge in each knowledge area. After the study of PRINCE2, its most likely to serve as customer vs supplier situation. In the PRINCE2s book, it has been pointing out the project will be running for a customer instead of a self manage situation. That means PRINCE2 is basically use to running a outsource project by the vendor more than running a project by the project sponsor. As describe in the book of PRINCE2, it also has an assumption the project is running for a customer with only one vendor. In the reality of construction management, it always deals with multiple vendors and the coordination or responsibilities are more complex than the example in the book. Compare with PRINCE2, PMBOK is more likely to run the project by the project sponsor rather than outsource to external vendor. It is because the book of PMBOK is written from the point of view of the project sponsor rather than the external vendor. Furthermore, PMBOK has discuss much in human resource management, financial management or procurement management more than PRINCE2. As this papers topic, it is talking about a construction company would like to implement an electronic project management system for construction project. Of course, construction company always in running a construction project. Therefore, project management skills and techniques are their professional and specialty. Although, construction company is a specialist in project management, they are only professional in building project but not software implementation. Since, construction industry is a complicated industry and almost all building project is outsource and subletting to their subcontractor. Therefore, the electronic project management system also needs to deal with different kind of supplier and processes. In the case, the heavily and robust documentation system of PRINCE2 may help to write down all necessary information about the software project. Moreover, outsource and subletting already has best practice in construction industry, it is an easy task for the construction company instead of running the project by themselves. So, PRINCE2 is most prefer to use as the software project management methodology in the construction industry. Bibliography 2005.Managing Successful Projects with PRINCE2.2005 ed. TSO (The Stationery Office). 2000. A Guide To The Project Management Body Of Knowledge. 2000 ed. Project Management Institute Reference [1] PRINCE2, p13 [2] PMBOK, p7 [3] PRINCE2, p234 [4] PMBOK, p12 [5] PRINCE2, p341 [6] PRINCE2, p341 [7] PRINCE2, p345 [8] PRINCE2, p351 [9] PRINCE2, p360 [10] PRINCE2, p361 [11] PRINCE2, p379 [12] PRINCE2, p233 [13] PRINCE2, p236 [14] PRINCE2, p285 [15] PMBOK, p41

Essay --

The very definition of child pornography is difficult in a legal sense. Material that classifies as child pornography is subjective to many variables that are to be considered including what defines a â€Å"child†, the mode of material, and the way in which the material is used (Gillespie, 2010). The article Legal Definition of Child Pornography by Alisdair Gillespie discusses how difficult it is in this day and age to put parameters around a concise definition of child pornography. We live in a world that is technologically advanced, which makes it difficult to devise an exact explanation of child pornography because of the abilities to manipulate and create materials that may or may not actually depict a â€Å"real† child. Child pornography laws are a recent concept created out of the obscenity law of the 1970’s. However, these laws may need to be redefined in order to apply to our world today. Child pornography may be difficult to identify. In the 1960’s, Supreme Court Justice Stewart coined the phrase â€Å"I know it when I see it†, a legal phrase which is actually still used today. Although, this statement was in reference to obscene material in an adult pornography case, Jacobeellis v. Ohio, Justice Stewart explained that not all issues can be definitively defined, but there are some issues that do not require a specific definition in order to know what actions the law should be taking (Gillespie, 2010). The Internet poses great challenges to the law because of global involvement. Communication and distribution across boarders has made it impossible for a consistent definition of child pornography, which creates a weak foundation in combating this heinous crime. Gillespie addresses identifying factors that define what child pornography i... ...oses? This is the difficulty for law enforcement and as such, some offenders may fall through the cracks of justice. Gillespie has presented a very interesting analysis on defining child pornography. The article appears strong and I believe he has raised fervent arguments about the complexity of putting parameters around the definition of child pornography. He discussed three important variables in identifying child pornography and the problems that are associated with them. I did not find this article to exhibit any points of weakness, possibly because most of the evidence presented was insightful. Gillespie’s article helped me to acknowledge the tremendous difficulty law enforcement personnel have when it comes to defining child pornography. There is a fine line between what is legal and what it not and the complexities of this issue will continue in the future.

Kids Having Kids Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Linnie, from one of the poorest areas of Washington, D.C., started having sex when she was only eleven. Girls from disadvantaged homes are three to four times more likely to have children. By the time Linnie was fifteen, she was pregnant. As soon as she found out, her boyfriend of five years left her. This is very common when it comes to teenage pregnancy. More teens are having sex and getting pregnant then ever before! These girls must decide what to do about their child, and that is a very hard decision!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are about four million teens that are sexually active in the U.S. Only about half of them use protection. There are many influences in a young person’s life. Mass media is a big part of the influence. Television displays twenty thousand scenes of suggested sexual intercourse. 94% are on soap operas between unmarried couples and teens. Some say that sexual education being taught in school makes it seem acceptable. It also makes teens think about sex more. Another reason that teens are having sex is because times have changed. For example, in the 1950s, pregnant teens were sent away for nine months to stay with distant relatives or to live in homes of unwed teen mothers. Until the 1970s, pregnant teenagers were not allowed to stay in school, but now it isn’t nearly as strict!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many effects of having sex and one is getting pregnant. The first step is to think about what to do with the baby. One of the hardest steps is telling your parents...

Conceptual Framework & Ethical Dispositions

| The Association of American Educators' (AAE) four principles of ethical teachers and GCU's Teacher Candidate | |Proficiencies/Professional Dispositions of the Conceptual Framework are very similar. The purpose of seven of the principles and proficiencies | |that overlap are High Expectations Respect for the Diversity of Others Fairness Professional Conduct Reflection Curiosity Honesty Compassion | |Advocacy Dedication. | |Principle I of The Association of American Educators' four principles of ethical teachers is Ethical Conduct Toward Students. Listed within that| |section are the following numbered points: | |2. The professional educator does not intentionally expose the student to disparagement. | |4. The professional educator makes a constructive effort to protect the student from conditions detrimental to learning, health, or safety. | |These two items would serve the same purpose as the Advocacy professional disposition expected by GCU. Educators are expected to be student | |advocates because in many cases we are the only voice a student may have. It is oftentimes that a teacher must, in a certain capacity, act as | |the students parent and assist in resolving issues that are fair and just to the student. Fairness, one of the many proficiencies GCU expects is| |quite reminiscent of the remaining items within Principle I: Ethical Conduct Towards Students. The remaining items are: | |1. The professional educator deals considerately and justly with each student, and seeks to resolve problems, including discipline, according | |to law and school policy. |3. The professional educator does not reveal confidential information concerning students, unless required by law. | |5. The professional educator endeavors to present facts without distortion, bias, or personal prejudice. | |The purpose of these expectations is to ensure the equal treatment of all of the students. We have all heard the stories of â€Å"teachers pets. | |These expectations are to prevent a teacher from manifesting personal feelings for a student into unfair advan tages during certain situations. |PRINCIPLE II:   Ethical Conduct toward Practices and Performance within AAE's document includes the following: | |1. The professional educator applies for, accepts, or assigns a position or a responsibility on the basis of professional qualifications, and | |adheres to the terms of a contract or appointment. | |3. The professional educator continues professional growth. | |These sub-principals serve the same purpose as Dedication within GCU's dispositions. As an educator the worst thing we can do as an educator is | |to stop growing; professionally or spiritually. When I decided to be an educator I chose to be the best educator I could possibly be. We are | |expected to be the best for our students. | |All of the principles and proficiencies within The Association of American Educators' (AAE) four principles of ethical teachers and GCU's Teacher| |Candidate Proficiencies/Professional Dispositions of the Conceptual Framework are necessary. These are expected of us as educators because they | |are critical in nurturing our students to be the best they can be. | | |

Contribute to the support of child and young person development Essay

1.2. Identify different observation methods and know why they are used Different methods of observations are appropriate for different situations. Narrative (AKA running records). This methods are the ones where you write at the time what children are doing, notice something interesting, or are looking for a specific skill or area of development, simply writing down what you see as is happening. This method is used as it can provide a rounded picture of a child, and no preparation is needed. Diary Is when a daily record is kept of what children have done. This is often shared with parents and is useful for children and young people who do not have speech, like a baby or a young person with learning difficulties. This method is used as it can help other to know what a child has been doing, and it also provides a long time record. Anecdotal These observations are the ones you have not actually seen but are points that others such as parents might tell you about, after something important or interesting has happened they can be written down in a diary or the child’s records. This method is used as it can help other to know what a child has been doing in a different situation. Time Sampling This observation allows you to look at what a child does over a period of time, such as morning or part of the afternoon. This method is used as it can provide a snapshot view of what the child doing and is also possible to record the activity of more that one child. Event Sample A prepared sheet is drawn up in advance considering carefully the type of information that needs to be collected. A column is put down for each piece of information. When the behaviour is seen, the person who has seen it should fill in the sheet, This method is used to look at how often and in what circumstances a child shows a particular behaviour. Checklist Check list are easy to use because they focus the observer on particular aspects of child development. This method is used as it is quick and easy to use, and you can repeat the assessment and see the differences. 3.1. Describe the different transitions children and young people may experience. Throughout childhood there are many different points when children have to cope with changes. Some changes are difficult for children such as when parents separate or when someone close to them dies. As a result of changes, some children’s development can be affected. They become afraid, tearful or on the other hand angry and frustrated. Knowing what type of transitions children might face can help us to support them. This table shows some of the more common transitions: Emotional Change in family circumstances Parents might separate, new people might join the family (step-brothers), siblings might no be born, some close to the child might become ill or die, families may become short of money or become wealthier, parents might start working away from home or longer hours, might lose their jobs or work from home. Changes in friendships A friend might move away, friendships might change. Changes in carers/practitioner Might change nanny, au pair or move childminder. Physical Change in location Might move area or country might move home. Physiological Changes in health and body Might become ill or develop a chronic medical condition that requires treatment. Going through puberty Intellectual Changes in setting (Each setting will have its own rules/style and expectations) Might move from pre-school or nursery, move from class, move schools, start going to breakfast or afternoon club. Other Daily transitions Moving from one setting to another as part of their routine, going to a club or lesson. Between carers Going between parents and practitioners. 3.2 Explain how to give adult support for each of these transitions. Emotional Change in family circumstances Work closely with parents and share information about the child’s needs, give them time to talk about what is happening, allow them to express their feelings, reassure them, look out form more information from specialist organisations. Changes in friendships Encourage children to express their feelings, help them make new friends. Changes in carers/practitioner Work closely with other practitioners to learn more about the child, and visit them so they can get to know them. Physical Change in location Work closely with parents, allow time to settle and talk about where they use to be or go, spend time getting to know each other to find out more about the child. Physiological Changes in health and body Work closely with parents, look for more information, allow time for questions, reassure. Intellectual Changes in setting (Each setting will have its own rules/style and expectations) Share information about children’s needs strengths and interests, meet the person who will be with them,, involve the children. Other Daily transitions Allow time to settle and adjust, give plenty of warning and avoid rushing them. Between carers Aim to be consistent, consider using a diary so everyone know what the child has done. 4.1. Explain how a work setting can encourage children and young people’s positive behaviour. In my work setting there is Positive Behaviour Policy that intents to manage children’s behaviours and has clear procedures that staff must follow to encourage positive behaviour and also to manage unwanted behaviour. There are many ways in which we can help children/young people to learn about positive behaviour. Positive relationships play a key part in behaviour because children and young people need support and attention. Therefore is important to take time to talk and have fun with children. In the work setting we encourage positive behaviour by meeting their basics needs and listening to children and valuating their opinions, children need to express their feelings. It also important to provide a stimulating and challenging environment, so children can enjoy and have fun while learning, we encourage this by planning the experiences well and giving children choices to allow children to learn about having some responsibility. Being inclusive and thinking about children as individuals and about what they need, showing positive behaviours such as kindness and taking turns and gentleness, also setting clear and fair boundaries that are right for their age. We reinforce positive behaviour by giving them praise, encouragements and rewards. We also encourage children to resolve conflict by themselves.

HRM & Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HRM & Employment Relations - Essay Example bloggers to the creation of content that captures the attention of the public ensures that the repetitive action of content creation and content regeneration never ceases, because the audiences are always looking to read and respond to the blogs. Therefore, blogging reinforces effective networking, without encouraging or displacing the consolidation of the blogging networks (). Nevertheless, blogging is a highly personal style of writing to a highly impersonal audience, meaning that it is an effective way of helping interpret the thought process of both the bloggers and the audience who read and responds to the blogs, considering the fact that each of these parties does it on their own terms and in their own style of understanding and reacting to the subject matter (). Then impact of blogs is that it is of the most effective ways of having an organization discuss organizational issues at lengths with the employees, meaning that blogging can highly improve the communication within an organization (). Therefore, blogging is a valuable tool for organizations, since it can make it possible for the organization to understand the feelings, thought process and reaction of individual employees regarding different organizational issues. This is because, blogging entails the application of a highly personalized mode of communication, meaning that it is easy for the organization to understand each of the contributors to the organizational blogs (). However, blogs can be a potential disaster, since they may result in the employees and the organization creating a conflict and misunderstanding regarding various subjects of blogging, which would in turn be transmitted into the physical work environment. Blogs have an influence on face-to-face communication, cons idering the fact that the interaction that is online between the audience and the bloggers is the same that will eventually be transmitted into physical communication (). This means that blogging forms the content of the

Research Methods in Social Sciences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Research Methods in Social Sciences - Essay Example   The experimental survey is a planed design that inflicts a great deal control over the conditions of the research procedure (Ruane, 2004). All experiments entail random task of participants in the phenomenon of the research, dependent and independent variables. The main aim of performing an experiment is to examine casual associations between the dependent variable and independent variable. Researchers might carry out experiments in extremely controlled laboratory settings or in field environments, in which the researcher has somewhat less control over the resultant forces that may influence the variables. In the laboratory, the researcher normally has adequate control over peripheral forces that may affect the participant. Simon indicates that the purpose of the experimental technique is to generate data from which a researcher might obtain genuine conclusions as efficiently as possible. The disparities in outcomes displayed among the different experimental and control groups do not arise from disparities in original forms among the groups. Rather, they result from differences among the stimuli offered to the experimental groups. As Crane, & Brewer asserts, the researcher who prepares the study and plans the conclusion measures, also resolves how the independent variable is to be maneuvered in most experimental research. In addition, most experimental research aims at testing forecasts based on hypothesis rather than generalizing directly from the simulated setting of the laboratory to real experience.  

Choose any organisation of your choice and as external observer of the Essay

Choose any organisation of your choice and as external observer of the organization undertake critical analysis of the following functions and make recommendations for improvement - Essay Example Another important function of human resource department is to handle the grievances of the employees so that they can feel like they are treasured by the company and become loyal employees. Marriot International is considered to be one of the leading hotel chains and franchise providers in the world. It has over 3400 lodging properties in 70 countries around the globe. The headquarters of Marriot are at Maryland, USA and had around 137,000 employees under their name by the end of year 2009 (Marriott News Center 2009). It has sustained its position as a quality service provider and this has been possible due to its strong infrastructure. According to Marriott Management Philosophy; a successful business cannot be run if employees do not know how to manage people (Elwell n.d.). Therefore they consider good management and trained personnel to be great assets. They provide a range of services namely; hotels, airline food service, business and events food service etc. It is vital to devise an efficient HR Strategy so that the company can hire talented professionals, retain them by keeping them satisfied and make arrangements for their training and development. This helps the company to gain profits and competitive advantage in the market. An effective HR strategy is based on the following key points (Clapper 2010); Companies around the world have realized the need to merge the strategic and human resource planning activities (Ulrich 1992). Marriot believes in the amalgamation of these activities to separate themselves from the rest of the companies in the hotel industry. Such a strategy was visible when Marriot expanded their business to Hong Kong. There were already numerous organizations running successful businesses in the hotel industry therefore they knew that efficient HR strategies would have to be implemented to succeed in that region. Even hiring competent individuals was a task in its own since all of them were already working successfully for

Enterprise resource planning Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Enterprise resource planning - Research Paper Example By definition, Extended ERP components is the entire set of collaborating companies, both up-stream and down-stream, from raw materials to end-use consumption, that work together to bring value to the market- place. The advantages of extended enterprise derive from a firm’s ability to quickly utilize the entire network of suppliers, vendors, buyers, and customers. The flows of information that lie at the core of the coordination and collaboration among network members not only link disparate information sources, they also provide an opportunity to build knowledge based tools. Companies engage in long term partnering relationships built around mutual goals and accompanied by very rich and deep exchange of information. Members view that their element of joint action, value chain partners as still retaining some aspects of self serving behavior. Business intelligence (BI) is an information technology concept, representing current state of the historical development of information technologies. This development started in the mid 1960s with the first versions of management information systems (MIS).Therefore BI is more than the fashion and needs to be defined, categorized and explained and analyzed. Of course, information systems are an important variable determining the design of organizations and demand in some cases organizational restructuring processes. Thus BI has direct impact on the organizational structure without giving any direct recommendations and prescriptions as to what the organization is supposed to end up like. CRM uses information technology to create a cross-functional enterprise system that integrates and automates many of the customer-serving processes such as sales, marketing, and services that interact with a company’s customers. CRM systems also create an IT framework of Web-enabled software and databases that integrates these processes with the rest of a company’s business operations. CRM systems include a family of software

Technology Plan & Email Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technology Plan & Email Skills - Essay Example It may occur any time and is unpredictable. If the existing system fails due to any reason, student cannot continue his online learning. So to avoid such a circumstance, one has to keep one or two alternative computers. At any situation if the working computer fails then other computer can be used. Try to use all the computers. Otherwise there is a chance for failure in the unused computers also. So check the functionality of the alternative computers occasionally. Keep details of the help desk: - Problems like unable to access the computer or network may occur in any system. It may also affect the online learning. For this type of learning, student always needs successfully operating computer and availability of network. So keep the details like phone number and E-mail ID of the computer servicing centers or persons and make sure of their availability as fast as possible. Student must take care that these persons or centers provide good service and they are efficient in the computer hardware and operating system. Keep the contact details of the classmates and customer service team: - There may be situations when cannot have access to his computer or Internet. In such situation they cannot know about details like assignments and other works give in that session. It will affect his study. To avoid this, keep the contact details of one or more classmates. They can give the updated information about the assignments. So keep a good relationship with classmates. Try to keep details of customer service team. It will help to face difficult situation. Keep the back up regularly: - Student should know the basic operations of the computer. Data kept in the computer may lose due to various reasons like, human error, hark disk failure, virus attack, and large file transfer etc. (Pacchiano, 2006). To avoid the data loss from the computer, student must take care for saving the data in the internal drives. Take the back